【 Weak current College 】 solve specific microphones self-excited---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Outdoor concert and dance halls and the use of professional audio, the majority of imported equipment, it should be said that the high reliability. The main problem is the operator's professional-quality, genuine with eligible tuner unit is very small. This article is targeted at small and medium-sized dance hall audio equipment operating points, can be used as a reference for practice. In addition, in small and medium-sized dance halls as microphone acoustic feedback caused by the phenomenon of self-excited Whistler, is common to use a headache, because frequent Whistler will make guests ' disappointing, sound effects whatsoever, in severe cases, can cause damage to the equipment. Therefore, the phenomenon of self-excited screech is singing the sound use of an important issue, described below.
First, the sound equipment on, shutdown sequence
Should the order by the former to back up, i.e. the audio source device (CD, LD, DVD players, recorders, recorders), audio processing equipment (compressors, Exciter, effects, divider, equalizer, etc) to the audio power amplifiers to the TV, projector, monitor. Shuts down in reverse order, you should close the power amplifier. This action prevents open, shutting down the impact of the device to prevent burning power amplifier and speakers.
II. preparation before singing--debug
1. the power amplifier's volume control potentiometers are transferred to the Max position; on the accompaniment of music and sound mixer handset tap faders should be placed on the 0dB; mixer tap GAIN input gain are placed in a location is fine; the total volume of the mixing console Fader start at minimum position (lower); mixer sound compensation knob is placed in the middle position.
2. test accompaniment channel, that is, use the CD disk or LD coiled songs music, the sound mixer anxious-jump man enjoyed Clay's son, near the border to-6dB, songs and accompanying music is typical of the volume; but it is necessary to pay attentionto the volume you want to spend pleasant, moderately large easy sound that fatigue and unbearable. -Should the Hall Yinyuan different position to listen to the result. If stereo quality sound and video, music, etc. The tracks should be your own familiar songs, adjust volume can be repeated (adjustment tap GAIN gain) and tap tone compensation until the sound is satisfied. At the request of the music should be aggressive, beauty, treble not shrill, bass cannot clear cloudy, requirements, such as the female voice of tooth sound clearly audible, but not too heavy. Tap faders at 0dB, total volume faders at 0dB, regulating tap GAIN input gain knob makes around 0dB AU table indicates, the system achieves rated output power. But the normal working hours, the total volume faders — like tune in — or — 10dB following 6dB, less than the rated output power.
3. test the microphone channel. In General, at least to prepare two microphone channel. Try the receiver sensitivity and dynamic properties, and then add reverb and accompaniment music singing, singing after the reverberation processing, should be better than the original song sound more mellow, full and there are levels, rich presence. Microphone volume adjustment: tap faders at 0dB, microphone volume adjustment tap GAIN input gain knob to tap peak led occasionally flashing, total output power measurement by AU table indicates.
4. for small Orchestra Auditions for tuning, that is, to a variety of musical instrument microphone for carrying audio and signal an audition, according to the proportion for reproducing music style.
5. adjust the video image, that is, the projector and TV should adjust its brightness, contrast, color saturation knobs make it clear and colorful images. Sound should be comfortable working with DVD player and karaoke, familiar with the disc on the song list. Note in a formal concert, you should press the DVD player on the D/A key. Inclined original singing sound.
3. adjustment of the audioprocessing equipment
1. room equalizer. Room equalizer has two functions: one is to adjust the sound quality, cover the Hall reverb time cause an imbalance of frequency response; the other a important role in the Suppression of a band, suppression of squealing sound feedback. Room Equalizer should maintain normal sound engineering debugging add decided.
2. press the filter. In audio engineering to press for an important device, its role: to compression or restrictions on the programming of dynamic range, prevent overload or distortion, amplifier and the speakers have a protective effect; another important role is to improve the program loudness (this can be done by hearing clearly have felt).
Data compression is adjusted as follows:
(1) noise gate GATE: led light noise gate closed sound. Up to squelch function. When the input signal landing to the threshold level begins to shut down, the noise gate General placed between 0PEN-20dB.
(2) the compression threshold level THRESHOLD: decided to start compression level, usually placed-10 to 0dB, start compression gain reduced GAIN REDUOTION (dB) led starts off.
Compression ratio RATT0: over 2: 1;
Action time: 10ms ATTACK placed;
Release time: keep O.3s RELEASE.
3. reverberator. The current widely used digital reverberator. This class of machine internal curing many different reverb effects to choose from. Adjusting the yinyuan deal with a variety of reverb reverb effect audition, record individually sing there can use, when the tuning may at any time using the keyboard in use.
4. tuning elements (to manipulate sound mixer)
1. arrival transfer work to control indoor yinyuan, tuning should be sniffing za and listen to headphones, listen to the main channel and to listen to the channel. Adjusting the sound should be familiar with listening yinyuan and on-site sound relationship
Sound quality adjustment relies heavily on personal hearing.
2. use a compressor, and actuators to increase loudness of the sound and beauty. Actuator adjustments mainly by hearing, you should press the device instruction manual will sound tuned to round the ear.
3. the song with reverb and beautification. On non-professional singer aggravated due to mask the noise, reverberation and audible defect.
4. volume hours that enhance the low frequency and high frequency; the volume increase frequency when appropriate, to enhance the sound of luminance.
5. tuning to singing. When the songs appear before gradually lowering down the accompaniment to processOut of the singing. 3-frequency attenuation should — 5dB, high-frequency attenuation 7kHz above should 3dB, near the low frequency 200Hz
Upgrade to intensify, 2-3-6dB 4kHz upgrade can be clearly felt the song bright. Disco or rock music you should pay attention to significantly enhance the low frequency (40 — 100Hz) and high-frequency (7-20KHz).
6. enhance bass is not cool rotation compensation button to avoid the power output is too large to damage the amplifier and the speakers. On the low-frequency adjusting the equalizer also true requirements.
7. If there is a sound feedback whistling cry, should promptly that the yintai total volume faders to remove squealing voice drop down, find out why and then gradually pushed.
8. failure of the main channel is not broadcasting, you can pass back to listen to the speaker of the rotation angle of the temporary substitute for the main channel, the continuation of the singing. For singing with a microphone, should have a backup, when the microphone is muted
Available backup alternatives. Laserdisc player should be backed up when a VCD faulty backup alternative when available.
5. acoustic feedback (whistling cry) inhibition of
1. microphone acoustic feedback whistling of self-excited call is established and Kara 0K Hall of common phenomenon, due to the presence of acoustic feedback, General PA systems gain can be very large. Sound feedback whistling happened because:
(1) microphone is too close to loudspeakers, microphone is to point to the speaker;
(2) a mixer on reverberation excessive regulation;
(3) microphone volume adjustment is too large;
(4) powered compressor;
(5) acoustic design defects within the Office.
2. for the above reasons can take the following measures:
(1) the activities for the singer's stage a scope limited, in this context should not occur having a voice. In other words, the singer should not be too close to the main speaker, Lord speaker response in the wings; the singer of the station should not make the receiver forward links to speaker.
(2) of the stars of stage and acoustic treatment should be conducted, should be installed on both sides of the wall and sound-absorbing materials.
(3) plug in the compression, the compression ratio should be set to < = 2: 1, action time to 10ms, release time 0.3s.
(4) of the regulation on the reverb sound mixer and volume don't drive too large.
(5) these measures are ineffective, you can adjust the equalizer, easy to produce screech of frequency attenuation. How to do the following:
The equalizer the frequency point location to record; then, the model act. Increase the volume (total with mixer faders adjust), the system just produce self-excited, Equalizer on the spin button to start from the low-frequency rates, one by one to the effective elimination of self-excited screech of frequency, based on experience in General only one self-excited oscillation frequency (e.g. 250Hz), near the frequency to drop down 3-5dB, remaining frequency should keep the original records.

【 Weak current College 】 generalized sound reproducing system contains two categories---Power By 【 China power house network 】

1. sound reinforcement system: speaker and microphone at the same sound, there are sound feedback and room resonance caused screech, distortion and oscillation phenomena. To ensure system stability and uptime, the highest available system gain than acoustic feedback self-excited 6dB gain low criticality.

2. reproducing system: the system only tape drives, CD player, sound source, microphone, sound feedback may not exist, acoustic feedback coefficient is 0, which is a special case of sound reinforcement systems.

According to the use of sound reinforcement sound system can be divided into the following categories:

1) outdoor sound reinforcement system outdoor sound reinforcement system is mainly used in the stadium, stations, parks, art Plaza, music fountain, etc. It is characterized by service area, the space is wide, background noise; sound travels to direct sound dominated; required sound pressure level is high, if there are buildings around the sound reflection objects such as, speaker layout nor do reasonable, Sonic, formed by multiple reflection exceeds 50ms latency above, double or multiple sound, serious problems such as echo occurs, impact sound clarity and sound like positioning. Outdoor system sound effect is also affected by weather conditions, wind direction and impact of environmental noise, etc.

2) indoor sound reinforcement system indoor sound reinforcement system is the most widely used system, including all kinds of theatre, Stadium, dance halls, etc. It professional is very strong, both non-language sound reinforcement, and for various theatrical performances, at the request of the sound quality is very high. System design should not only consider technical issues, but also audio related architectural acoustics. Room shape on the sound quality has a greater impact.

3) flow performance system sound reinforcement system apart from the fixed installation systems and mobile systems. Commonly used in a variety of large-scale venues [such as Stadium (Museum), art broadcast and large banquet hall, etc] non-theatrical use temporary installation system called mobile performance system. Mobile performance audio equipment must be compact, easy to carry, transport and installation, high reliability and can adapt to a variety of demanding environment. Large flows of investment, typically to professional audio company rental use.

4) public broadcasting system of public broadcasting system for hotels, commercial buildings, ports, airports, subway, schools provide background music and radio programs. In recent years, the public broadcasting system and make an emergency broadcast, and interactive fire alarm system. Public broadcasting system of control functions, such as broadcasting and all call selection broadcast function, forcing the switching function and the function of the priority right to broadcast, etc. Speaker load and dispersed, transmission lines long. To reduce the transmission line losses are generally set using 70V or 100V voltage high impedance transmission. Sound pressure level requirement is not high, the sound quality to baritone and treble-dominated.

5) Conference system with domestic and international exchanges have increased in recent years, teleconference, videoconference, and digital conference system (DCN) developed very rapidly. Conference system widely used in the Conference Center, hotels, and Government agencies.

Conference system including the Conference discuss the system, voting systems, simultaneous translation system and telephone conference system. Requirements for audio, video (image) system synchronization, all used computer control and storing session data.

【 Weak current College 】 understanding dance halls of lighting knowledge

People's Republic of China Ministry of culture issued two standard "song and dance halls of acoustic characteristics of sound reinforcement system indicators and measurement methods" (WH01-93), "dance halls of lighting and light pollution qualified standards" (WH0201-94). As the dance halls were graded and other mandatory regulations of the management and measurement of song and dance halls for acceptance. In the next two years will have to gradually transform of song and dance halls in order to meet the requirements of the standard. In addition, the "urban regional environmental noise standards" (GB3096-82) and "civil building design specifications" sound insulation (GBJ118-88) also provides for the level of noise allowed dance hall. Therefore, for song and dance halls in space environment as the normative requirements, but top most of the actual results show dance hall from the above standard requirements vary considerably, which not only affects the use effect, more will have an impact on business management, organization effectiveness. This article will talk about some problems.
1, ways of thinking:
Dance Hall is a high level of comprehensive cultural products, it is a hierarchical system in which every subsystem consists of elements that are crossed into the network, that is, the elements and the relationship between the handover between the subsystems of the structure; to use the architectural art of Interior design of the technology and techniques to optimize stability, to produce an overall effect of the system. Sound reinforcement systems, architectural acoustics, lighting, Interior technology, etc. are as systems engineering elements of the dance halls and an integral part of the subsystem. They are at different level cross, twine, have different characteristics, contradictory. It must be on elements and make careful analysis, the subsystem carefully in order to unravel their crossover network nodes, the contradictions, the overall effect, meet the requirements of the regulations. Acoustical design should provide a better sound field, to give full play to the amplification system and device performance and to provide sound-absorbing materials and components of practices and layout and interior design provides space for the creation of the embryo; also for the lighting system provides good illumination conditions, its artistic effect, is the basis of dance art image. The same interior design provide for speakers suitable location and tuning of the workplace, but also to create a unified technical, sound beautiful environment of the Organizer. However, in practice often fragmented, disparate, design alone; sound reinforcement system designers think that as long as there is a good device and system design, will have good acoustics; acoustical designers only consider how to ensure that meet the requirements of the reverberation time, provide acoustic design of materials and components; interior designers think that scientists don't know art, creating a camera, the final provision that the beauty of space to the scientific and technical personnel, let them put in this space and the equipment for processing; accordingly the science and technology personnel who do not understand the architecture, but ignored. As everyone knows, the respective allows the optimization of the system itself, it does not mean that the overall optimization, and often had a negative effect of the contrary. Therefore, song and dance halls of various designers should be aware of the dance hall is a systematic project, sound reinforcement systems, architectural acoustics, lighting, interior design, etc, but the system in a subsystem. As a sound reinforcement system designers should keep the technology and the arts as a body of knowledge, more should be a way of thinking, to a higher level of exploration of technology and art to create a wide variety of cutting is both science and art of the overall effect in order to obtain good acoustics.
2. sound field:
The difference of acoustic changyuan dance hall in the theatre, the Auditorium of the greatest features to make the following three points: first, it has a large area of the smooth surface of the floor, is a powerful acoustic reflector; and second, the dance floor at the top of the ceiling lamp, it set a lot of dancing technical equipment performing arts lighting, lighting, sound, video, etc. Thus the dance floor is Visual, auditory, that is the heart of the song and dance halls; the third is the dance floor and a stage together in the same space, the composition of space (sound field) represented the singing sound characteristics: the volume, due to its sound level and the 6 95dB ~ 10dB margin of disco music, play the sound pressure level, and should be 110dB 10dB margin of the other actors and singers often handheld microphone into dance, make amplification and sound one, easily lead to Whistler, song and dance halls in the complex sound field conditions, its acoustic design is sometimes more difficult than theatre. But also not attract attention, even sound reinforcement system design workers have not given due attention. Room height and long scale is directly affect the sound field and bad conditions, when its proportion fit, room resonance frequency distribution, "acoustic" usually pushed as for the "golden rule", i.e. 0.618: 1: 1.618. well known "golden rule" is also one of the beauty of the Hall, but also to architecture and art, a "homogenous" scientific meaning refers to certain objects from the outside looks very different, but its internal structure, consisting of or its composition in the form of contact between things are the same, there can be mutual transformation through a transform, 0.618 ("golden rule") that is, they transform the ratio of a numeric-key is the height, the height of the dance hall should be 5 meters above the sea level, is the lack of room in the low-frequency of resonance, affect the tone within the Office; in addition the dance floor is installed at the top of the scaffolding and performing lighting luminaire efficacy and dance to a group of speakers and video equipment, so there is a gate frame height, the height of the top grid, and should definitely be good to get good exposure to the angle of illumination art effects and appropriate voice coverage; because the floor surface of strong reflection on the Hall effect sound great, must be in the top grid frame upper cascade arrangement sufficient thickness of sound-absorbing material, so the height of the Office and its scale is decided Hall acoustics and lighting of the important factors in the space. If the Office is limited and does not meet this proportion, then at least to keep the dance floor and stage the enclosure of empty tone can meet this proportion.

Avoid circular surface and two parallel surfaces, they can produce quality defects, in particular in the surface with a glossy or hard materials as decorative, more emphasis on its harmfulness, if from modeling requirements must adopt, should this surface for acoustic treatment. [fenye]
3. processing:
Song and dance halls in addition to securing the decoration of the beauty of Visual effects to achieve standards toSeeking. The reverberation time is a function of volume, the General can have 1 seconds. Now the dance halls in majority use a lot of carpet, or is made with decorative fabric, its internal placement mianshi plastic or fine glass wool, the so-called "soft-pack". This approach will enable high-frequency bands of sound absorption, the high frequency of the reverberation time is short, so the sound brightness within the Office, clarity, not gorgeous and no color. There are a large number of practices in five topical sanheban or plywood sheathing, generally with a small nail consolidation; and some also in its external and covered with a layer of "soft-pack", this approach makes the Hall of low frequency sound is absorbed, so that the large room of the sound become hard, non-elastic, uneven. In the absence of rigorous acoustic design, Hall of sound-absorbing materials and components of a single, leading to a frequency of sound absorbing too much distortion, so that is uses room equalizer to adjust, and adjusting the process often appear to have nothing to go on top, resulting in the sound of the point frequency "and" bad transmission frequency effect is very poor driver of luminance, layered is very poor, not soft.
4. vibration and noise reduction:
Set the stage, whatever combination speaker speakers or subwoofer speakers are placed in the structure of the ground or placed in sturdy bracket (bass speaker should be placed on the floor); and the suspension bracket and the speakers should be securely, Fulcrum cannot produce vibration, this will make the sound quality deterioration, wood decorative practices often due to the construction does not notice that the nail is not strong, produce plate vibration noise; lighting hanger consider not week also produces 40 ~ 80 Hertz frequency resonance. This kind of vibration and noise in the room Equalizer debugging, appear in the spectrum, the highest peak of perceptions. Voice weakened Summit disappears; but not linearly, so it is very difficult to debug. KTV rooms between the Hall between and and should not cause interference, including top gate and wall of total capacity for the sound insulation, can be used around 60dB 24 brick wall or double 100mm aerated concrete block; double-layer gypsum board (2 * 12mm) dual-joist, hollow 50mm within rock wool, but not of sound Bridge; all partitions are connected with the floor should be can't have gaps; currently a lot of song and dance halls in sound bad, mostly because of the wall and the floor is not connected, the ceiling.

5. control room
Control room is the dance halls and rooms of the sound, video and lighting control center. Due to the increasing complexity and number of devices increases, so the operator can also continue to increase, and therefore control room area should not be less than 20 square meters, and its location should be in front of the stage, the operator can observe directly see and hear the stage and dance performances.
The Ministry of culture of the "business of entertainment management approach" and the two industry standard highlighted light acoustic technology requirements must meet the standards.
Optics: light system consists of power switchgear (Board), the stream tube dimming cabinet (essay), dimming console, lighting controller, basic lighting-lighting, special effects lighting, performances and sound signal luminaires.
(A) basic lighting-optimized common incandescent lamp (mostly downlight), fluorescent lamps, lamps, gas lamps, halogen lamps, neon and candlelight, etc., they are the overall style of the interior design of the form.
(Ii) effect light lamps in a class for the rotation of the lamp, the luminaire and light column and beam spot of exercise can produce strong buzz, this kind of lamp with cosmic light, multi-head shell lamp, multilayer to go light, much to the flying saucer lamp, Lotus lamps, etc. The second category as photosource mirror motion lamps, most can be voice, its spot jump or rotary can and charm of music's consistent produce artistic effects and atmosphere. These lamps have the lamp light scanning laser white illusion, Devil, stars, Moon Star lights and some single light source consisting of multiple mirror effect lighting.
(3) special effect lighting-optimized such lamps have a strobe light, UV lamp, laser effect light, computer, music fountain, etc. To increase special, gorgeous glamorous effects.
(4) performance-optimized with lighting as stage performances, the same as with stage, should have the appropriate number of surface light, light, light of light and back to the top; you can use the medium of the downlight, spotlight, spotlight, soft light lights and chase the light.
(5) the requirements for optimized lamps should call distribution, spot can cover the floor. Light color changes and moving to music, dance, song and dance halls of style and artistic effects of whole services.
Various lighting group should meet the rhythm of a wide range of music, each song (each dance) are required to have 1 ~ 3 effect lighting or special effects lighting produces 1 ~ 3 kind of harmonious changes and movement. Its rhythm and tone should be a piece of content. Strobe light for disco, each successive not more than 2 piece; UV tube should always-open and close, in the light intensity to meet the standards of every night exposure time should not exceed 1 hour.
Illumination: performance area greater than 100Lux, spontaneous area greater than 20Lux, ornamental rest area greater than 5Lux, various channel than 10Lux, when in actual use, you can Dim the dance floor (floor area) is greater than the other district 6Lux shall not be lower than 6Lux, package box shall not be less than 3Lux. Strobe light of strobe frequency should be less than 6 Jesus should not generally laser shooting at the human body, particularly the eye.
Acoustic system: dance halls acoustics system is composed of the microphone (natural sound sources) are affected by sound field and speaker sound field and sound reinforcement device. Sound reinforcement-field direct relations to hear the voice frequency characteristics of sound field distribution uniformity and produce sound interference, and other acoustic characteristics index or bad; sound field effect of maximum can cause acoustic feedback (whistling), severely reducing audio gain; whereas these two sound field by architectural acoustics and the decoration project of formation, which is determined by the interior design, interior design and dance halls to fully demonstrate its specific features and functionality. Good reasonable Architectural Acoustics design is singing the basic meaning of Interior design, but also do a basic sound reinforcement system and dance hall. Therefore, the design, construction and dance hall (including indoor decoration, architectural acoustics and sound reinforcement system and lighting systems) is not appropriate to some technical strength, no scientific instruments of the entity or individual design and construction.

Sound amplifying equipmentComposed of:
(A) the microphone in the high-end dynamic microphone can be used for performance, mid-range or simple can be used for karaoke. Band or Orchestra violin, piano or drum instruments can use capacitor microphone. In order to reduce the cable trouble you can use the wireless microphone. It is a dynamic microphone with radiotherapy, pocket-sized for electret-microphone plus radiotherapy, its specification than the same grade cable fax device is slightly lower.
(2) the main function of a mixer it is to come from a variety of sources (microphone, CD player, LD audio seats, etc.), various kinds of electroacoustic music (electric piano, synthesizers, electric guitar, bass guitar, etc.), various peripheral equipment of audio signal according to the requirements for the handling of mix; on road acoustic signal for a certain amount of retouching, compensation; press requirements will sound signal into group output. General dance halls available 8 ~ 16-channel mixer, a band you can choose the way more. Mixer specifications and debug a direct relationship to sound quality and noise.
(3) Equalizer as correcting indoor itself resonance characteristics of uneven and frequency of defects and the frequency of sound amplifying devices produce distortion (mainly speakers, microphone, etc), the modification of musical instruments and performers of sound effects, enhancing the performing arts. Analogue Equalizer is analog (AMPS), much more for the diagram type, as the room compensation, general use only one-time adjustment. Digital equalizer using computer technology, you can predict storage more equilibrium dynamic spectrum and dynamic curves, the most used in the cosmetic tone or mobile use of performing groups, so do not use the dance hall.
(4) compression/limiter-optimized in a large, important dance halls, especially disco should use, allows the system to not overload that does not produce excessive distortion.
(5) effects can compensate for the lack of Interior natural reverberation, modification of timbre and manufacture of special effects. Multifunctional effects can store large amounts of voice processing procedures, on noise signal delay, reverb, ECHO, chorus, Ensemble, incentive, balanced, left and right channels of redistribution, and other processing. Reverb, delay and is also one of the effects.
(6) sound actuators it is pitch pitch-based and produce higher harmonic sound-processing equipment. Place in the human voice disorder can greatly improve the sound of penetrating, the singer to sing or play an audio tape when you can increase the effect, play the CD can not, in serious music sites is prohibited.
(7) electronic divider when sound reinforcement system requirements is relatively high, generally do not use the whole band speaker box (combined speaker enclosure), instead of using electronic dividers, the sound signal frequency, respectively into high, medium, low three power amplifier, then respectively promote high, medium, low voice from the speaker box (sometimes divided into high [], low two frequency bands.
(8) power amplifier it is weak signals for voltage and current (power) zoom in direct drive speakers, because it is a high-power output devices, load and is dominated by inductively, inappropriate use of speakers tend to fail, in order to ensure a consistent sound reinforcement of believe, main power amplifier preferably of the same brand, it is close to the sound recording, so as not to produce electromagnetic interference.
(IX) public address loudspeaker is the last important link, the electric power signal to sound signal, so also is the key link, song and dance halls in use throughout the band (from bass to treble) of two or three frequency combinations speaker box. When the impedance, the general power amplifier rated power equivalent to choose speakers rated power of 1.5 ~ 2 times should be the main speaker box also should use the same grade, so as not to sound like chaos.

【 Weak current College 】 using the stage color light of several techniques

Lighting design using shade match performance, create an atmosphere of the stage, which is a complex process of artistic creation. This process reflects the designers of training and technical experience, different contents, forms of performance have different lighting design, almost no fixed methods and techniques.

This article is mainly for beginners lighting design in creating a reference to rich design thinking and practice.

1. the use of a single shade

A single shade refers to the performance area with only one color of the shade, for consisting of ambience lighting performance needs. According to the requirements of the creation, use cool colors and light, it can also select the warm light. Use a single shade of most major characteristic is the light color more vivid, and will not produce shade between the dilution or change. In theatre and dance performances and scheduling, sometimes using a single shade highlight the need for a group shape. For example, in the theatrical performances, commonly used in blue light or light green light performance of the night or morning. In the dance performances, often a single shade contrasts the Group's strong lighting atmosphere, and with the dance of mood and tempo changes constantly, to enhance the performance of the stage. Use a single color, generally not too stressed the intensity, if slightly shade differences, you can take a variety of ways, such as when the side lighting lamps for many other side lamp less; if both sides of the same, can luminaire on the other side with yarn; you can also use the control system slightly dark side pressure of illumination.

2. use the same shade of

The same shade refers to hue basic close, but the concentration is differentiated set of colored light. For example, blue, blue, green, blue, light blue, light blue, sky blue, pink, Orange, pink, brilliant pink, pink, light pink. Lighting design using the same kind of shade to create lighting atmosphere mainly use their differences in brightness and color perception of light and composition on the stage. If on the stage to brilliant pink shade cloth, while playing for the door side use pink light so that the composition of the light effect is the increase in pink, with a certain degree of difference between light and darkness. Furthermore, we can use the same kind of shade to highlight local play area, in order to play blue light in the area, to both sides of the desk-side light using a light blue cast partial retrieval area, because the brightness of the local highlights. According to the different needs, you can also use other "blue", such as bright blue, Azure Ray, etc. In lamp parts, according to the figures of scheduling and setting position, selection of backlighting, both sides of the bridge, one of the top light and so on. Site changes, you can obtain different lighting effects.

3. application of the similar shade

Similar shade is the same as cool colors light or light with warm colors. Often use cool colors in light blue, green, blue, light blue, blue, sky blue, light blue, dark green, light green, in the Green, pure green, purple, pale purple, qinglian; warm light is red, red, and brilliant rose, deep pink, brilliant pink, dark red-orange, orange-red, gold, Orange, gold, amber, light golden yellow, after, happened in gold. To cool colors in light of shade of blue as basic, end door side in the green light, can constitute a night under the moon. If you are required to enhance the brightness of the front, you can swap the front light sky blue or lighter in blue. If the warm light of the basic shade amber, playing for the door side of the use of red light, can constitute a relatively bright atmosphere.

Create the atmosphere of the shade in use, you must have the effect of light and shadow living light and luminaires parts, light brightness. To orange red light with Taiwan, parts of the middle of the stage, to later stage parts cast in gold of backlighting, the performance area figures on the golden light and shadow very bright backlighting. If you put the two parts of the reversal of the shade, the character of the backlighting on orange red light and shadow is bleak, only increase lighting, strong orange red light of the amount of light in order to gain a relatively bright backlighting and shadow.
4. the use of contrasting colors of light

Contrasting colors and light is a cool light and warm light contrast. In use by the cool light and warm light from different directions into the performance area of the figure or, as the comparison and contrast of the shade, you can get more intense light effect.

In addition to the physical surroundings atmosphere, you can strengthen the character or scene of stereoscopic effect. In the use of contrasting colors of light, to master the different parts of the select, such as positive light and ceiling lighting, positive light and backlight, the light on both sides of the mobile vote, etc. Use both sides of the flyover, lateral light parts with red-green two-shade symmetrically projection from the corner. According to the needs of light and shadow effects, to require strong and light blue light can be used, if requested, but light innocuous can use blue or light blue light. This cloth light color method, you can change many of the shade, for example, red and blue, orange and blue, pink and green, contrasting colors of light. At the same time to grasp the front light colors, brightness and contrast of light changes in between. If a positive light and backlight use contrasting colors of light, the light on the front stage with azure, Auditorium use pink light. Thus, in the refreshing blue, the character's body with bright pink light. Use this kind of cloth light color, the brightness of the backlighting is enough to get backlighting color effect. Use the sky, you should be aware of the backlighting of light and color to the color and sky. If using a dark color bottom screen backlighting, should pay attention to direction and angle of the beam, do not affect the stage picture of harmony.

【 Weak current College 】 projector is the difference between mainstream and parallel imports

Now to the vast number of consumers of projector is no longer unfamiliar, but how to distinguish between parallel and mainstream believe that many potential users of projector is not clear, even if the projector has a consumer would not dare to say that can accurately distinguish between parallel and the difference between mediocre, this article to your friends introduce parallel projection of classification and identification methods, is intended for potential users of projector to after-market purchase.
What is a parallel projection
Parallel projection refers to foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan without normal customs channels into the internal market of the product, its main purpose is to avoid tariff or the drug had been improper alterations without entering through the normal channels. As a result of the sale of the product is not designed for the domestic market, so it may lack some of the features for the Chinese market. And product origin, quality can not be guaranteed. Of course, the parallel overhead projector does not exclude it as original as possible, but the goods through market research found that a few of the parallel overhead projector are adapted for faulty goods, but also the products elementary without permission from domestic manufacturers warranty.
At present the projector parallel imports on the market in the following three categories:
First, not in China Inland sales of products
Most projectors manufacturers products are regional division and the fixed series product is in a fixed area sales. A typical example, Hitachi projectors in Chinese sales of products for H series, but the market has a lot of X series, S series products, these are Hitachi licensing sales abroad, although it is most likely that the original manufacturer of genuine goods, quality problems can be guaranteed, but the user can't get after-sales service.
Therefore, if the manufacturer simplified Chinese Web site found no this series of products, and the total generation nor consulted the relevant information, you can determine that it is parallel.
Second, at the same time in the sales of products from around the world
If this is the case, then the parallel imports and the distinction between mainstream and not very large, mainstream must have simplified Chinese user manual and 3 c compulsory product certification mark, and the parallel imports are not available. Parallel imports remain equally unable to enjoy the manufacturers maintenance agency service. To the projector is not a general IT products, their manufacture some way of parallel imports apologizes. Industry emerged, a brand of total generation in order to avoid a tariff, the smuggling of a group of parallel imports, and mainstream labels and brochures, and other related documentation and all copies, this is of course total generation easily. Which brand of after-sales service has been provided by the generation, then this group of parallel imports and mainstream simply is no different. Parallel imports of all attachments including after-sale service are the same as with the mainstream, I really don't know what to buy this kind of parallel users considered lucky? however estimate that this kind of parallel imports and the prices of the goods. By the way, customs have the total generation of the parallel imports of smuggling and confiscate it, but this kind of parallel imports if spread to the market, I believe that no one can distinguish the true from the false.
Third, the refurbished projectors
This projector is trying to reduce the cost, the projector itself there are various problems with projector through packaging or repair, but then a new projector price sold, the purchase of this type of projector to losses caused by the user is enormous, spent money to buy back of the projector may not be how long it is broken, and no place to warranty. Generally the newer models of projectors will not be the case, but once you have obsolete products on the market and the appearance of large numbers, it is doubtful. Do not believe that the business is stock and the like, if you like the series such a valuable commodity for projector pressing a number on hand, businesses do not go out of business just weird.
At present the projector on parallel imports of effective recognition there are five primary ways:
First, certification marks
May 1, 2003, the State compulsory certification system will be implemented, it provides for a projector, and so the whole display device specified by the national certification bodies certified, made mandatory product certification and "3C" sign before the factory sales. General projector outer box with 3 c compulsory certification test flag, if even the most basic flags are not, it is estimated that in all likelihood this projector is parallel.
Second, the product type
To the projector, the first should be broadly look projector housing fuselage models are exported to China market product model. Specific sold to China market model, which can be obtained from local projector center_guangzhou query, or directly dial the hotline projector manufacturers. As a rule of thumb, in product distributor for this information is also more convenient.
Third, the fuselage coding
We should use the fuselage coding to confirm the purchase of projector is parallel. Because each projector has a unique serial number, we distinguish projector the simplest method is to call to confirm the serial number of the machine. Users simply dial manufacturers internal technical support or call the regional service providers, may also be provided on the packaging of the projector manufacturers free Tel, to know their purchase of projector is parallel or mainstream.
4. accessories
You should carefully check the projector accessory products. For example, carefully check the vendor provides to its own invoice and warranty card, product brochures, and other service credentials, check whether the information provided by manufacturers and content. Usually mainstream have manufacturers original user manual and the original domestic product warranty card for the convenience of users in China, and there is no parallel machines. If these textual information printing blurred, you will no doubt be parallel.
5. check the power
View the projector's power, it is important. Since the operating environment of parallel projector power specifications and compatibility with obvious differences, will seriously affect the stability of the product use. For example projectors common power specifications have 110V and 220V, and so several types, if illegal manufacturers put 110V power products through simple modification toIt became applicable to the products of China 220V, then this product is to use positive stability is extremely bad, life will drastically cut short. Therefore, we must at the time of purchase on the spot the projector's power to try it out, also in the projector's instructions should also identify the projector for rated operating voltage 220 volts are included.
Believe that reading this projector on parallel imports of Internet users have a clear understanding, but estimated that some users may be aware of the "water" and "water" to buy, after all, some dealers will open to inform consumers of their sales are parallel, but the price is low. Remind the user that parallel imports projector mostly dealer for warranty, if I sell you product dealer disappear, your projector is guaranteed to use the period without any problems? for projector so high consumption of products, or do not have luck as well.

【School】 public broadcasting weak note --- Power By weak home network 【China】.

<br> 1. broadcast design should be reasonable, the realization of each piece of equipment to be able to reflect the functional design and flexibility. .<BR> <BR> 2. Matching the power amplifier should be: the actual power = nominal power amplifier * 75%. .<BR> <BR> 3. Horn lines must pay attention to the installation of positive and negative level, and prevent speaker lines are wrong, resulting in the phenomenon of burning power amplifier, causing unnecessary losses. .<BR> <BR> 4. Line installation to eliminate the glitch phenomenon, to prevent short circuit and burn amplifier. .<BR> <BR> 5. Broadcasting in use, plug the microphone when the microphone is sure to turn down the volume switch to plug, so as to avoid impact damage to the amplifier. .<BR> <BR> 6. Broadcast equipment on and off in order to open to closed, remember the easy way to directly turn off the power strip at the turn on the power. .<BR> <BR> 7. Radio volume to be appropriate, not too fast to reverse the volume, including net after-class high-power amplifiers and other equipment, so as not to impact on the equipment. .<BR> 8. Note that the maximum position indicator light amplifier, not long-term work in the distortion of the state. .<BR> <BR> 9. The power is not full timing, increase speaker volume is Cadogan, not unlimited turn the volume knob way up. So as to avoid impact damage to equipment. .<BR> <BR> 10. There can be only one output amplifier, not a few amplifier connected between the output and. .<BR> <BR> 11. Radio device must be connected before power is turned off, turn off the volume before connecting all devices, then completed, by checking correct, only in order to open the device. .<BR> <BR> 12. Each paging paging end points in a certain area, be sure to immediately switch off the paging area, paging area so as not to interfere with other normal paging in the region. .<BR> <BR> 13. Note: The central control unit mains power supply must be direct, and often in a short time is best not to switch the machine control for. .<BR> <BR> 14. In front of paging speakers when the microphone must not place or use high-frequency sound source, in order to avoid generating self-excited high-frequency whistle..

Weak current College】 【projection display system interference and elimination --- Power By】 【China power house network.

In projection display systems engineering, often image interference problems. Especially in recent years, the size of the projection display system there is a growing trend. Large display system connection between the more complex, the probability of interference has increased significantly, and it is difficult to exclude it. Therefore, the system interference has become disturbed system integrators.
According to different sources of interference, can interfere into electromagnetic radiation interference and ground disturbance. This article will result from interference, analysis of the principles set out to cause interference, the Elimination of interfere.

1. electromagnetic interference causes and elimination of method
1.1 transmission lines to eliminate external electromagnetic interference principle
Display system for the transmission line is coaxial cable, there is also some use twisted pair. Both coaxial cable or twisted-pair, they both have the ability to electromagnetic interference.
Coaxial cable is a shielded method against electromagnetic interference. The coaxial cable from the outer conductor and inner conductor, both the center point of a cable as the Centre of concentric circles, therefore it is called the coaxial cable. In the inner and outer conductors between the insulating materials as fillers. Outer conductor are often woven into a network, it to external electromagnetic interference shielding effect with good. Inner conductor in outer conductor of strict protection, therefore, coaxial cable with good anti-interference ability.
Twisted pair is taking a balanced approach to eliminate external electromagnetic interference. A pair of the twisted pair cable, the two conductors of physics characteristics (material, wire diameter) exactly the same, and in accordance with certain rules for new twist. In this way, outside interference sources and each line of electromagnetic coupling parameters exactly equal, interference currents are exactly equal, which flows through the Terminal load direction contrary to offset each other to achieve the purpose of elimination of interfere.
1.2 strong electromagnetic interference on line and elimination
To sum up, the transmission line is protected from external electromagnetic interference capability, enabling effective transmission signal. The transmission line is protected from external electromagnetic interference capability is often used to express the degree of interference with the defence, its definition is: interference signal strength and in transmission interference signal strength ratio, then take the logarithm. The greater the degree of interference with the defence that stronger anti-interference ability. Transmission line interference directivity enough to withstand normal circumstances of various interference. However, when the interference source too strong, over the transmission lines of Defense, the image signal interference. These strong electromagnetic interference in the following two ways: first, there is a strong electromagnetic radiation source in the vicinity. Second, improper wiring design, strong power line transmission interference.
Strong electromagnetic radiation sources typically have high power stations or electromagnetic radiation of electrical equipment. Strong electromagnetic interference in the image on the mesh ripple noise. For such interference, you can do to eliminate interference. First, as far as possible, avoid interference sources, to display the system equipment and lines to and radiation source at arm's length. Second, the choice of shielding performance of cables. Coaxial cable outer shielding network weaving density directly affect cable interference directivity, braided density, the higher the directivity. Therefore, you should select the braided density larger cable. Cable brand on the market, quality is different. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to selection of high quality cable.
By wiring interference, mainly because of the transmission line and strong electricity line and long distance close parallel wiring, produce electromagnetic coupling. Coaxial cables jamming directivity in low frequency is low, and the strong electric interference components mainly 50 Hertz AC and harmonic, therefore a threat to the coaxial cable. Therefore, to avoid signal lines and strong electricity line and long distance close parallel wiring. The strong power lines and signal transmission lines share trunking arrangement and trunking between maintaining a certain distance. Of course, nor with dread, transmission lines and strong electric line distance parallel wiring is interference will not occur. Both ends of the display system and the equipment cabinet, inevitable the strong power lines and signal cable distance between parallel wiring, this is the interference will not occur.

2. ground disturbance causes and elimination of method
2.1 ground disturbance generated by the principle
Ground jamming is display system frequently occurring interference, works in interference most such interference. Generated ground disturbance as a result of system there are more than two conflicting ground wire. Figure 1 indicates that the two principles of interfering with the ground wire, Figure 2 is the equivalent figure. Figure 1 two ground wire is present in the G1 is the signal source ground, G2 is a display device (projector). The two ground there, resistance Rg. The Earth as the various electrical equipment of public ground current loops, exist. And current to the ground resistance Rg the voltage drop on the Ug. Ug-generated electrical current flows through the cable outer conductor Ig. Because the cable outer conductor resistance also exist, Ig in Rw Rw voltage drop on the Uw, this voltage is interference voltage. Uw and the signal source voltage Uy superposition (see Figure 2), the formation of the image. The main components of ground current is 50 Hertz alternating current and electric equipment interference pulses, the image of the performance is a horizontal black stripes, mixed with levels of clutter, and slow-moving along the vertical direction.
2.2 ground wire interference cancellation method
2.2.1 measures to maintain the system altogether.
According to the above analysis, when the system has two above ground, it will cause interference. Therefore, to eliminate interference, it must ensure the system is only one ground, the so-called total. For that purpose, the following areas.
First, in the system design stage, on the ground wire for stringent system design to eliminate the hazard. System ground including equipment power supply power strip of ground and ground installation equipment cabinet. The ground wire must be from a common ground, absolutely not allowed to have two or more ground exists.
Second, display equipment installation should avoid and architecture or in other conflicts with system ground connection of the ground. Install the screws of the display device and the device is connected to the ground, some devices of the shell is the metal material, which is in itself a ground equipment. In the device setup, easy to connect with other Earth occurs. In order to avoid interference, the device should avoidConnection with other ground wire, especially the building ground connection. When you cannot avoid, insulation measures must be taken.
Third, and displaying system connected to the other system's ground wire must be ground with the display system altogether. The other system, mainly in the central control systems, audio systems, etc. These systems of Earth as and display system does not have to, the interference into the display system.
Fourth, deal with UPS ground, UPS ground wire must be the system Earth total.
2.2.2 using signal isolators, eliminate ground disturbance.
In some occasions, the causes of interference are complex, and influenced by various factors, could not be ruled out. At this point, you must take to correct the interference signal isolator. Isolator is to take the input and output components of ground isolation methods to eliminate interference. Beijing Zhao hengye electronic technology co., Ltd. under exclude system interference in recent years of practice, developed a series of anti-jamming isolator device. These devices have RGB signal isolators, signal isolators, signal isolators, product type and function in the table below.
With the above isolator products, various ground jamming in the system can be eliminated. Zhaoke company series isolator products since 2005, developed and widely used in engineering to solve multiple display system interference problems and achieved great success, becoming indispensable to solve system interference.
2.2.3 using twisted pair transmission system.
Twisted pair transmission system is balanced system, with strong ability to suppress common-mode noise. In Figure 3, ground disturbance currents Ig in twisted-pair of two conductors in size equal to the current I1 and I2. Because of the A2 is differential input amplifier, common-mode signal on such does not have a zoom function. The A1 amplifier output is differential-mode signal is amplified normal output A2. Thus, in a twisted-pair systems, ground disturbance signal is suppressed, the useful signal transmitted by normal zoom.
According to the analysis of the twisted pair transmission system can be effective on the ground, this is twisted pair system one of significant advantages. In engineering design, according to the works of the actual situation in a timely manner using twisted, but also avoid ground disturbance. Zhaoke company twisted device has a twisted-pair transceivers, twisted-pair matrix, has formed a series, may constitute a twisted pair transmission switching systems, and engineering meet widely applied, can provide practical solutions.

Weak current College】 【VOD common terms explained.

<br> Cable TV network <br> A complete cable TV network contains three parts: a front-end device + wired network + terminal equipment. <br> Front-end devices <br> Generally refers to produce and send a signal to the .CATV equipment: such as adjacent channel modem, video player (DVD, LD, etc.), video server, Distributor, etc. <br> Cable TV network <br> Refers to the transmission and distribution of physical media, the signal of a .fibre optic, coaxial cable, amplifier, branching / Distributor, etc. <br> Terminal equipment <br> The client receives and play TV signal devices such as televisions, set-top box, etc. <br> VOD host <br> Is .the storage, management, VOD programming device playback. The present from the video server, video player, on-demand signal switch, adjacent channel modulators, and other devices. VOD host usually placed in the room, and the other cable TV front-end .device combination. <br> VOD terminals <br> Generally referred to as VOD set-top box (STB). <br> VOD set-top box (STB): <br> And the TV are connected is responsible for handling tasks. .VOD According to the installation location in the upper set-top boxes (on TV), built in set-top boxes (installed on the TV set), rear-mounted set-top box (on the TV set behind). According to the .received signal is divided into ordinary STB (analog TV) and digital STB (digital TV signal). By uplink signals transmission paths into one-way STB (downlink signal is not in the same cable, the following lines to the CATV, uplink phone line .). Two-way-STB (downlink signal in the same root coaxial (RF) cable transmission) <br> One-way <br> Means the downlink signal (VOD VOD video and control signals) and uplink signal (STB uploaded to VOD .host control signal) is not in the same cable. General downlink signal coaxial cable. Uplink signal cable and telephone lines. <br> Bi-directional <br> Means the downlink signal (VOD video and control signals) and uplink signal (STB uplink .control signals) are in the same cable. Generally in CATV coaxial transmission. In the cable TV network, bidirectional transmission, require bidirectional transformation:, amplifier, branching, distributor for bidirectional type. Heavy workload. (Since branching, Splitter huge). Bi .-directional extension Wei VOD technology does not need to replace branch Distributor, just replace the bi-directional amplifiers. (Few in number, usually 500-user 1-2). <br> Upper set-top box <br> Looks like small .VCD box, can be placed on or near the TV. Responsible for transmitting signals VOD. Back panel with RF, AV port, power line, telephone outlet (one-way-, bi-directional-no) etc. A dedicated remote control. .The advantage is strong applicability, easy installation. The disadvantage is that the price is high, the line: the more vulnerable to malfunction, the operation is a little annoying. Generally used for family and other private places. <br> Built-in set .-top box <br> As a business card-size device module circuit board. Installation of the TV set. TV model is not limited to (but CPU is built into the STB, required under the TV model special customization). You can use .the original TV remote control. Built-in two-way STB box TV-out connector unchanged. One-way-built-in behind the STB TV, also need to increase a telephone interface. Built-in STB advantage is easy to use, .low price, high reliability, not external damage. Disadvantage: requires modification of the TV. Built-in STB is particularly suitable for hotels and public places VOD. VOD system extension for Viagra mainstream product is bi-directional built-in STB. <br .> Library volume <br> General to the video server's hard disk capacity as standard. To G-unit. 80G hard drive, to a VCD movie (about 0.6-1.2G) can save 80. DVD movies (2.5-4G) can save .20-30. MPEG4 (1.0-1.6G) can save 50. <br> Concurrent VOD <br> Means more Terminal at the same time or not at the same time this movie on demand, each terminal is from beginning to end to watch .the movie in full. <br> VOD channels: <br> Means at the same time, which can be used as Terminal on-demand cable TV channels. <br> VOD Channel <br> Specialized play webcasts of television channels. For on .-demand plays the movie from beginning to end users. <br> Carousel channel <br> Specialized broadcast carousel programs of television channels. The channel 24 hours non-stop take turns playing several specific movie, user points into the channel, the only way .to watch. <br> Welcome to channel <br> Turn on the TV, the first of the particular TV channel, play certain hotel welcomes you and various menus for guests for VOD. <br> VOD channels (channel number) <br> .Generally known as VOD system has several road, meaning the whole VOD system has several wire video. Current common 8-channel, 12-channel, 16-ch, 20-channel, 24 channels, etc. <br> Road / guest ratio < .br> VOD channels and the number of rooms. According to China, 3-4 star hotel, passengers and ratio of 1: 6 ~ 1: 12. Depending on the occupancy rate and on-demand rate decision. <br> 800M cable TV .network <br> Means to reach the national standard of CATV bandwidth 800M cable TV network. You can transfer most high frequency point to UHF44 frequency TV. Bi-directional VOD systems generally require 800M network. <br> 500M cable TV network <br> .Means the bandwidth up to 550M cable TV network. Because with narrow, VOD system frequency may be crowded into. Common in old hotel. <br> Mpeg1/Mpeg2/Mpeg4/movie <br> Mpeg1: VCD movie compression format. Computer files to .*. dat, *. MPG (uppercase). A film about 0.6-1G. The display resolution to 280 lines. <br> Mpeg2: DVD movie compression format, is a computer file with the extension *. mpg. vob, * ( .lowercase). Film is approximately 2-4G. Display resolution720 lines. <br> Mpeg4: movie compression ratio than VCD, DVD. Computer files to *. avi. A movie is approximately 0.8-1.4G. Display resolution of 480 lines. Image .quality is much better than VCD. <br> Wire video spots <br> Generally refers to analog cable TV center frequency modulated signal. If the channel number for CH40 frequency is 727.25MHZ. <br> Press speed <br> Refers to the press ., TV conversion speed VOD menus. Good VOD system should be less than 0.5 seconds. Feel no dull. <br> VOD speed <br> Refer to press ENTER to start the movie. General VCD movie should be less than 1.5 seconds. DVD movie .less than 5 seconds. <br> Channel <br> Especially the first few road VOD equipment and software. If you have a 16-way of VOD system, said 12-channel trouble refers to the 12 VOD frequency device or software problem. < .br> VOD programs <br> Generally refers to VOD system host used programs including broadcast programs (responsible for on-demand control), VOD management program (movie and host management), billing, and statistics program, etc. <br> Hotel management .system (hotel computer integrated management system) <br> Hotel internal use, client management, billing management, employee management, financial management, restaurant management, and other functions. VOD's billing and the management can also be used as a room child module hang hotel .management system. <br> On-demand rate <br> VOD / rooms / day per hundred. <br> Press day fees <br> To the evening 0 points for that day when unlimited 24. Only charges a fee. <br> .24 hour <br> From the time of the 1st on-demand as the start time, 24 hours unlimited. Receive a fee. <br> By the time the fees <br> On-demand. Receive a fee. <br> Test .piece <br> Maintenance personnel in the computer, enter the password, you can specify the Terminal (TV) for a test. <br> Edit management computer <br> For VOD movie editing, program management, and various parameters for VOD host. .<br> VOD video server <br> Three major functions: movie library and management; system management and billing; sometimes as welcome screen feature and and hotel management system networking features. <br> Bi-directional VOD signal switch (CMTS) <br .> The collection, Exchange and distribution Terminal VOD control signal. <br> O-tone (cable TV signals in adjacent channel modulator) <br> The video source output AV signal modulation for a specific frequency RF TV signal (RF signal). < .br> Video player <br> From native or server library to the movie file into AV signal (or digital video signal). <br> On-demand number with Rob <br> Refers to the server at the same time be able to respond .to the number of maximum Terminal. Bidirectional type systems of up to 100. One-way-depending on the receiving server calling card number of telephone lines, generally 2-6. On-demand along with Rob number is too high and no significance. .Because VOD channels limited. <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>.

【 Weak current College 】 zhuantie; brand projector zeroing method (1)

From the network
NEC (Mar) projector zeroing method
830/840/850/440 series time to appear second indicator light, including the LAMP led, zero out method is standby OFF kin under press 20 seconds or so.

NEC460/660 series zero method: in standby mode, press the help key for 10 seconds
VT47 + in the default option in the menu under Select clear lamp timer, and then press the OK key on OK

SONY (Sony) projector zeroing method
RESES + left + right + OK (for Sony most models), Panel key not enough you can also use the remote control.

SONYP15 projection lamp clear method
In light of State press RESET after you press the left button on the right after the confirmation key to 7 seconds

PLUS (plus) projector zeroing method
Applicable models: PLUSU2-811/U2-815/U2-815C/U2-1110/U2-1130/U2-X1130C/U2-1150. at 1100 hours zero: menu selection to the timing, press ON (about 8 seconds); use 1100 hours, no State, directly press ON (25 seconds).
Applicable models: PLUSU3-810SFC/U3-1080SFC/U3-810WZC/U3-1080WZC/U2-X200UC/4-161/U4-121/V-1080C/V-807C/V-1100C/U2-850/U2-1500/U2-850W/U2-1500W/U5-121/U5-162. menu lamp timer reset

Mitsubishi Projector zeroing method
In the standby power, left, right. At the first one and then power on the system.
LUXEON (lixun) projector zeroing method
Generally in the menu. Some models also have operational hints (LV2). Cleared to zero.

ASK (u vote God) projector zeroing method
Generally in the menu, and select Reset lamp time selected YES you can.

SHARP (sharp) projector zeroing method
Sharp video machine (PN200/300/500/C10) bulb zero time, press and hold standby reduced under the "volume" + "select", after the post;
Sharp 100S/00X/200/220 and other multimedia projector bulb zero method, standby press-, +, AUTOSYNC three keys, after power-on;
300S, 300X is press ENTER on your remote, down arrow, left arrow, and then press the
ON power on (without positive real)
SharpDLP projector zeroing: standby press "right" + "down" + "enter" + "power" to
Sharp 200/220, projector bulb zero method, standby press-, +, AUTOSYNC three keys, after power-on;
CN450SCN450XCN500X zeroing method: in the standby state (do not post), press the projector; INPUTENTERUNDOON3 seconds over his own will power on the system. If you display; bulb 100% indicated to zero;
AN100SAN100XAN120S and hold (standby state) projector + and AUTOSYNC, press on the projector ON and-button if the display shows light gun has LAMP0000H reset
SHARPNV21 series zero: no electricity, according to the direction of right, bottom, OK, continue to hold down for 5 seconds after receiving electricity;
Sharp XR11 press the power key and the down arrow key and OK

CTX projector zeroing method
In menu choose Reset lamp time
Moreover the menu also has a "close warning" light bulb, the option is set to off (off) won't tip the lamp time

Philips (Philips) projector zeroing method
Power, menu, press the time bar lamp projectors on the OK button for 3 seconds

Hitachi (Hitachi) projector zeroing method
Power on, press the RESET key for 3 seconds, the time of dialogue, select 0 on OK
Hitachi HS800/CP-210 zero out of small machine is: put the menu moves to the time bar, press and hold 3 seconds; youjian

Morningstar projector zeroing method

Morningstar is sharp and lixun OEM. You can reference lixun and sharp.
Morningstar TL460 projector reset the lamp timer method
Hold down the projector's + and AUTOSYNC button press the projector ON and on the UNDC-button
Then, start screen displays 0000
Morningstar CX-525 lamp timer reset method
In the menu of the lamp reset option selected YES you can.
Morningstar CX-500/505/600/610/615 models: turn on, no signal state then press, top, left, right, enter the menu, and the lamp clear, color temperature, etc., are all in it
Morningstar CX-59/69/550/650590/690 models are SHARP foundry, cleared and into the maintenance menu to see the corresponding models; SHARP

Morningstar CX490/500/600/610 zeroing: power on, power source, to enter the menu, press the arrow keys to enter the input message status, use the "+" key to reset the time, to confirm exit. (Unconfirmed)

EIKI (love Qi) projector zeroing method
Love, projector from SANYO foundry, zero method reference Sanyo
All in the menu, there is a LAMP bulb typefaces this bar, all is YES

3M projector zeroing method
3M projector by Hitachi and Fujitsu foundry, zero methods vary, in short the operator panel has a RESET button to clear reference to the Hitachi method (power on, press the RESET key in 3 seconds, the time of dialogue, select 0 on OK). Otherwise, try the Fujitsu zero method.
MP8030 zeroing method
Is press the TIMER button for two seconds, a dialog box that appears, select zero. (Unauthenticated)
3M8746 zeroing: long press RESET the lamp time is displayed, press the left and right keys to move the cursor to 0000, and press the left key so that the menu disappears, OK!

Canon (Canon) projector zeroing method
Canon launches product less than OEM for Sanyo, Sanyo zero method reference
All in the menu, there is a LAMP bulb typefaces this bar, all is YES;

PROXIMA (Po Shima) projector zeroing method
PROXIMA (Po Shima) projector for Sanyo manufacturing, you can reference the Sanyo's clear method.
All in the menu, there is a LAMP (bulb) typefaces this bar, all is YES;

BENQ (BenQ) projector zeroing method
BenQ projectors cleared (validated)
Power on, press the EXIT key for a few seconds, when the dialog bar appears, press the left or right will zero out .8 and 6 and 7 series Governor so

Epson (Epson) projector zeroing method
Old models: only apply frame has resistance machines: frame Department has a low resistance (zero by), as long as the machine corresponds to a four small pin shorted out, this is annoying, and short circuit could not good but also may cause other problems.
New models in the menu to reset the lamp time on it.
Emp-5600 lines appear live help key on the first dialog box, choose OK.
EMP-3300: after the lamp mounted guard is locked, pressing the Menu of the projector and Sync key again will power on, five seconds and then release the two keys, Menu and Sync, reboot.
EMP-3500: after the lamp mounted guard is locked, pressing the projector on Tracking + and Sync + key to power on, five seconds and then release Tracking + and Sync + 2 keys, power back up.
Epson 730 zero method of projector:
Help key and trapezoid correction ' minus ' keys at the same time, the maintenance menu, trapezoid correction key and press the confirm key can be cleared, there must be a signal to operation
EPSON EMP-S1 bulb zero: go to menu select Reset, and then select the lamp count is reset, press the OK button and choose YES to

【 Weak current College 】 professional Equalizer debugging experience

We all know the equalizer's main function is to adjust the colors, adjust the sound field and suppression of acoustic feedback, how to adjust the tone of the article is very much, I want to focus on is how to use professional multiple schema room equalizer to adjust the sound field and adjust the acoustic feedback.
Present professional audio systems use illustration Equalizer are generally around its 31 paragraph sliding potentiometer Q value is constant, typically 1/3 octaves, so either promote or attenuation of a certain frequency, filter bandwidth is always the same, and the frequency and extent of attenuation is 6-18dB in General, the most common is 12dB. Graphic equalizer through Panel sliding key distribution locations, can be very visually reflect the frequency of lifting and attenuation. Common professional graphic equalizer frequency tuning range generally 20Hz ~ 20kHz, frequency adjustment point General from lowest to highest: 20Hz, 25Hz, 32Hz, 40Hz, 50Hz, 63Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz, 125Hz, 160Hz, 200Hz, 250Hz, 315Hz, 400Hz, 500Hz, 630Hz, 800Hz, 1kHz, 1.25kHz, 1.6kHz, 2kHz, 2.5kHz, 3.15kHz, 4kHz, 5kHz, 6.3kHz, 8kHz, 10kHz, 12.5kHz, 16kHz, a total of 31 20kHz, frequency, as they have the main feature is used to adjust the room sound field, and therefore calls for: Professional multiple schema room equalizer.

The following will give many years of experience using the equalizer, I would like to write about for your reference:
First, use the equalizer to adjust the sound field
In professional Equalizer among the three major features, adjusting the tone should be the most fundamental and most frequently used functions, and even present a lot of sound division only know the equalizer you can adjust the tone and don't know what schema room Equalizer more important function is used to adjust the sound field and suppression of acoustic feedback. Use room equalizer to adjust the sound field, very professional approach is to use the pink noise generator and a real-time Spectrum Analyzer to adjust. But we now most of the audio is not likely to have these devices, you can only make use of, the use of existing equipment to conduct sound field adjustment, the simplest and most practical way is to use the microphone adjustment, in fact, how to use the phone to adjust the sound field and adjust sound feedback also has some articles about it before, but I think that the introduction of more or less easy enough, in many years of work, I summed up a set of simple, practical, easy adjustment method, specific adjustment steps are as follows:
A first look for a frequency response curve is flat and wide frequency response range of the microphone, preferably capacitor microphone, or a quality good lap of wired and wireless microphones. Turn the microphone on the microphone stand, in a sound field for the best listening area, height 1.2 meters, microphone pickup head horizontal position and main speaker of the axis is basically flat, and the main speakers into the isosceles triangle.
B adjustments to except room Equalizer other peripherals bypass through the equalizer all adjustment point zero, mixer, microphone is on channel Equalizer also to express does not make adjustments, power amplifier on and turn the volume up to a suitable location, and then open the total volume of the mixing console, start slowly to push the microphone volume faders, heard a slight echo sound, then the microphone volume faders down 6-9 dB.
C then room Equalizer from 50Hz — 16kHz each point step by step upgrade, the following General 50Hz, 16kHz frequency above is no acoustic feedback. Specific adjustment steps are as follows:
1. find a transfusion in frequency: on sound field effect the greatest transfusion dots General 2 or so, if in a code-named: W's Ballroom, when we both 4kHz 400Hz and for large increase has a transfusion when, while other frequency point even with significant upgrade (about general upgrade 12dB) did not produce sound transfusion, then we determine in the sound field in transfusion in two points: 400Hz and 4kHz, we want to put these two points about dB attenuation 6, so you can easily do next. Of course, different sound field back to the frequency of the transmission is not possible.
2. identify the reinfusion of frequency points compared: this point there are three generally, at this time we turn on the microphone volume mixer on bigger, again on the equalizer, besides other than 400Hz and 4kHz frequency each substantially upgraded, if discovered, 200Hz, 1KHz, transfusion 5KHz produced, the second step of adjustment is also finished.
3. to identify the frequency of transfusion: adjusted by the above, we have identified five transfusion points, we can put into the most powerful of 400Hz and 4kHz attenuate these two points 6-9 dB or so; then turn into more powerful 200Hz, 1KHz, 5KHz these three frequency attenuation 3-6 dB, the sound field mostly is adjusted.

2. use the equalizer to adjust the acoustic feedback
Many sound engineer will have a dilemma: to adjust the sound field and adjust the acoustic feedback is not the same thing? why to distinguish between? actually both, of course, although the adjustment procedures and methods are the same, but its purpose and effect is not the same. Good sound field just found the lack of sound field and be optimized, but there is no way to solve most of the microphone acoustic feedback, I'm here to say acoustic feedback popular, also known as: transfusion. Or by the code number is: W's Dance Hall, for example, the dance hall audio system with 6 speakers, and then the ballroom and three stage performances by the actors, scenario if this 6 only microphone wasn't the same brand, and their parameters are different, to think in this case to completely avoid transfusion will be difficult. But more difficult to find a way to solve it, we can use the following methods to reduce and prevent acoustic feedback:
Classification of all the microphone to elect some only use oftenMicrophone, if we chose 2 AKG microphone, 2 x SHURE microphone, and then use the same sound field as adjustment to adjust the sound feedback:
1, for example, we can first take a SHURE microphone, have it fixed in the microphone stand, respectively in the three stage-wide search for transfusion dots, had a stage area, found a 500Hz major transfusion dots; b the stage area and found a major transfusion 630Hz; in c stage area also found a 800Hz main transfusion dots.
2, and then get an AKG microphone, put it on the microphone, and then in three stage-wide search for transfusion dots, had a stage area, found a 1.25KHz major transfusion dots; b the stage area and found a major transfusion 2.5KHz; in c stage area also found a 3.15KHz main transfusion dots. This is to use two microphones in three stage area in relation to total found: 500Hz, 630Hz, 800Hz, 1.25kHz, 2.5kHz, 3.15kHz this six transfusion dots, then the Equalizer on the point size according to the transfusion, attenuation 3-9 dB. Of course this three stage area within the same microphone volume situations, it may be a stage Recycle most found 3 points, and b and c, stage stage even a transfusion dots are not, therefore, and flexible enough to adapt to the circumstances.
3. using the main microphone in the main show area after reinfusion one search, and then point to the actors didn't go, but there is a possibility to regional search to see if there are no transfusion dots; and then there's no need to frequently used phone follow the above sequence start searching through transfusion dots so that the dance hall acoustic feedback would be very good control, of course not possible unrestrained attenuation equalizer, if the equalizer attenuation, riddled with problems, it would sound continuity and fundamental tone that could not be guaranteed.
3. use the equalizer to adjust the sound
When the sound field and transfusion dots once adjusted, professional illustration room Equalizer is the most frequently used functions is to adjust the tone, of course, in the adjust tone when to strike back point is frequency, conditional can increase an equalizer to adjust the tone used exclusively as. In practice various audio devices and different sound field on the equalizer to adjust the course will be different, so it is not possible to have a relatively standard and a fixed adjustment method, but in my ten years of work when I summed up a set of relative terms applicable to most places of adjustment methods, you can try:
A low frequency band adjustments — fine pitch of various audio sources and fullness, degrees:
I'm used to the 20Hz 315Hz frequency range divided into low-frequency band, this adjustment is focused on the various sources of major note pitch, like a pyramid, there is no underlying part will not have the top part, so the bass frequency adjustment is important.
In concrete actions:
A25Hz, 32Hz these two frequencies are basically completely attenuation, because now many of the speakers of the bass frequency not dive to the band.
B40Hz, 50Hz exactly these two frequency is the frequency with which our 220V AC, in order to reduce the power part of our General also put these two frequency attenuation 5 dB meters.
C63Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz three frequency determines the richness, General sources do upgrade and attenuation.
D125Hz, 160Hz, 200Hz, 250Hz these four points determine the sources of strength and strong degree, lifting too much sound attenuation is too stiff, more sound blurred, fat, so that several points in the low frequency band most critical.
The low frequency band need to focus on the point is to increase the bass part 3 dB, power amplifier load is doubled, so the regulate time must be careful, it is necessary to pay attention to timbre, but also to take account of the sound field, but also takes into account the amplifier's endurance.

B band adjustments — various sources of good inthe second and third overtone and mellow, luminance:
I'm used to the 400Hz 2.5KHz range of frequencies in the frequency band is divided into, we know that most of the sources of main pitch portions in the bass part, then their 2 overtone, 4 3 overtone, overtone ... In the audio section; of course there are also some sources due to the higher frequency, its main pitch part also in the band. In this section to adjust focus is fine for most audio sources of second and third overtone and timbre of mellow, luminance.
In concrete actions:
A315Hz, 400Hz, 500Hz, 630Hz, 800Hz, these five frequency impact on the sources and full bodied, this frequency is generally very little promotion, because after the upgrade, such as may affect sound quality — 500Hz 315Hz lift too much, the sound becomes like out from the bottom; on 630Hz and 800Hz lift too much, the sound becomes like a phone.
B while 1kHz, 1.25kHz, 1.6kHz, 2kHz, 2.5kHz five frequency impact sound source luminance, the frequency is human auditory most sensitive, so the impact on the overall tone is also the most, sometimes in a slightly elevated or within-frequency attenuation 1, 2 dB, will change the overall feeling of listening.
The whole band is also the easiest to produce sound feedback frequency range, thus on band frequency adjustment is very flexible, carefully.
C high frequency adjustment – fine of various audio sources and color are repeatedly overtone and penetrating:
I'm used to the 3.15kHz 20kHz frequency range divided into high-frequency band, this adjustment is focused on the various sources and color sense overtone and penetrating.
In concrete actions:
A3.15kHz, 4kHz, 5kHz, 6.3kHz is the main part of the treble section, these excessive frequency if upgrading, soundEasily generate Burr interested or producing high-pitched sound feedback, excessive sound attenuation may appear dull, no magnetic, no vitality. So be careful, careful operation.
B8kHz, 10kHz, 12.5kHz influence the three points of the sound level and color.
C16kHz, 20kHz because many speakers of high frequency has not yet reached 20kHz, coupled with the ear seldom heard such a high frequency, so we usually put this point 20kHz for large attenuation and frequency point actually 16kHz this is important, if it has, then treble attenuation in the Golden Rugose feeling is gone.
The high frequency band is in this band have to, because of its frequency is very high, although human auditory does not think it's too obvious, but continued to be on the treble damages caused serious, do not lightly to be seriously addressed.
Where we should be clear about the equalizer is very difficult to have a relatively fixed, fool's adjustment mode, though, I still feel that there are certain rules to be found, here I'll say a my own summary of a common model, you can try the following (in the following frequencies, such as representatives of + + 3 indicates that enhanced the 3 dB;-represents attenuation, such as-12 on behalf of 12 dB of attenuation; 0 means no lifting or attenuation):
A most comprehensive performance audio system Equalizer adjustments:
20Hz[-12]、25Hz[-12]、32Hz[-10]、40Hz[-8]、50Hz[-4]、63Hz[-2]、80Hz[0]、100Hz[0]、125Hz[0]、160Hz[-2]、200Hz[-3]、250Hz[-3]、315Hz[-3]、400Hz[0]、500Hz[0]、630Hz[-2]、800Hz[-1]、1kHz[0]、1.25kHz[0]、1.6kHz[-2]、2kHz[-3]、2.5kHz[-3]、3.15kHz[-2]、4kHz[-2]、5kHz[-2]、6.3kHz[-3]、8kHz[0]、10kHz[+2]、12.5kHz[+3]、16kHz[0]、20kHz[-9]。
B most disco and slow rocking bar audio system Equalizer adjustments:
20Hz[-12]、25Hz[-12]、32Hz[-8]、40Hz[-5]、50Hz[-2]、63Hz[0]、80Hz[0]、100Hz[0]、125Hz[+2]、160Hz[+2]、200Hz[+3]、250Hz[+1]、315Hz[-1]、400Hz[0]、500Hz[0]、630Hz[-2]、800Hz[-1]、1kHz[0]、1.25kHz[0]、1.6kHz[-2]、2kHz[-4]、2.5kHz[-2]、3.15kHz[+2]、4kHz[-2]、5kHz[-2]、6.3kHz[-3]、8kHz[-2]、10kHz[0]、12.5kHz[0]、16kHz[-3]、20kHz[-9]。

Professional Equalizer problems when used

1, usually acoustic feedback on 100Hz — 10kHz, adjustments should be targeted.
2 adjust the sound field, you are subject to room Equalizer other peripherals bypass through the microphone is located on the mixer channel Equalizer also do not want to express.
3. use the equalizer to adjust the acoustic feedback, simply press the device through, other peripheral devices such as actuators, etc, to adjust to the best show status, the channel mixer with microphone on the equalizer to adjust to the best show state this is and adjust the sound field of distinct.
4, either use the equalizer to adjust the sound or adjust the acoustic feedback, if your system has the compressor unit, to express it, otherwise the microphone in the first transfusion, are affected by the Compressor Limiter; wait for transfusion signal, compression is suppressed, the transfusion will break through the limitations of the compression is suddenly very ill, so easy to damage the device.
5, after years of practice, adjusting sound field and adjust the acoustic feedback, you can adjust the background music while playing a little, so you can make sound field active, more convenient to adjust.
That so many do not know you are there to help, and finally I want to say is, in the site during the performance, if you do not have to adjust the sound field, then the overall tone, balance, it can not be guaranteed if the acoustic feedback is not adjusted well, there was even a transfusion, it is also a very serious problem, the principle is: the entire show as long as there is a time of acoustic feedback is failed! performed often describe our mixer faders when pushed like pushing a time bomb, don't know when it would explode (transfusion), so when you really need on site very carefully, to have the feeling of walking on thin ice! so scene audio normal pressure is great, if the recording was not ready when we can be registered or edited, but in the onsite show if you have even the sounds of feedback, like splashing out of the water, is no way to recover, so a lot of high levels of recording are not wanted to do field's audio Division.

【 Weak current College 】 vocal effect of fine processing-Power By 【 China power house network 】

On the human voice effects of treatment, most people are using the method repeatedly heuristic adjustment to find the best deal to bolster effect. This way of tuning is clear: (1) looking for an ideal tuning effect, by repeatedly guessing, so you will need to teach a long time. (2) better tuning effect is often encountered by chance, this is tuning of conclusion no help, and then later also difficult to reproduce. (3) different devices of various fixed and adjustable parameters are different, so use the experience of a device, usually cannot be used by another device. Development to the current effect processing equipment, used to vary the sources of technical means of timbre and not too much, one of the more commonly-used only the frequency balance, delayed feedback, limiting distortion, etc. 3 basic methods, but these effects processing equipment of different parameter combinations of timbre is quite different. Effect processor parameter settings can have many items, in particular delayed feedback, this simulation of reverb effect parameter of set theory up to dozens more. Of course these professional strong arguments, most people find it difficult to understand, I do not know how to understand. Therefore, most of the effect of processing equipment are only set up one or two adjustable parameters, and it controllable range is relatively narrow. This simple effect processing devices allow people to try the above adjustment, without too much problem. But for effects processing require finer tuning occasions, such as in multitrack recording system, you must use more professional effects treatment equipment, to make finer effects processing. Frequency balance it is clear that the frequency the more balanced the segmentation, the effect of the fine, the higher the degree. In addition to the graphic equalizer, General tuning of balancing unit usually only three or four frequency bands, which obviously could not meet the requirements of precision processing audio sources. In order to be able to sufficiently flexible to voice any balance processing, we recommend the use of gain and frequency and width can be adjusted by the fourth paragraph of the frequency balance. Most frequency balanced tunables can only gain one, however this does not mean that the other two parameter does not exist, but these two parameters is not adjustable fixed parameters. Of course these two parameter is set to variable is also not difficult, but these will increase the cost of the device, and adjustments are complicated. So gain and frequency and width are adjustable parameters balanced circuit, usually only in the high-end equipment can be seen. In fact, gain and frequency and the width is adjustable frequency balance, it was almost impossible to guess the mess on the use of Hu's method of finding an ideal sound. Here we must study the audio signal of physics characteristics, technical parameters, as well as his sense of the human ear on the relationship. People sound source spectrum distribution are special, its pronunciation manner, he has three parts: one is by the vibration of vocal music, this is the most flexible part of pronunciation, different pitch, the different articulations of the spectrum is also very large; the second is the more stable the nasal cavity, thus the shape of its resonance produces harmonics spectrum distributions not changed significantly; the third is the oral airflow in tooth friction between sound, the sound of teeth and the vibration of vocal music basic business. Frequency balance you can approximate these three parts spectra. Adjust the frequency of terms used in the nasal 500Hz, following a balanced point frequency generally 80 ~ 150Hz, balanced bandwidth is 4 octaves. For example, you can set the frequency balance 100Hz's midpoint, equalization curve from 100 ~ 400Hz gentle transition, balanced gain adjustment range to + 10Db ~-6dB. This should remind everyone that this adjustment za shall use low frequency sounds very weak little box to avoid unintentional excessive nasality. Vocal music of spectrum with the tone changes are also very large, so the regulate musical balance curve should be very gentle, balanced frequency can be in a point 1000 ~ 3400Hz, balanced bandwidth to six octaves. This band control sining bright, gently upward adjustment to enhance the brightness of the human voice. However if you need to reduce the human voice of luminance, the situation is more complicated. General musical brain excessively bright vocal and most are in the vicinity of spectrum 2500Hz, here we can balance the bandwidth to 1/2 octaves, balanced gain around for-4dB equalization, find a nearby in 2500Hz works best in frequency. Human teeth tone spectrum distribution in 4kHz above. Since this band also contains some of the musical spectrum, it is recommended that the regulation of tooth tone should be 6 ~ band 16KHz, balanced bandwidth to three octaves, balanced frequency generally in point 10 ~ 12KHz, balanced gain maximum adjustable up to + 10Db; if you need to reduce human teeth tone loudness, you should use a balanced bandwidth to 1/2 octaves, equalization points at a balanced deal, 6800Hz its balanced gain minimum may fall to-10Db. You can see from the above analysis, on the human voice frequency balance processing, to highlight a pitch for the band, are encouraged to use curve gentle band equalizer. This is to make the voice of the nasal, musical, the sound of teeth three parts of the spectrum distribution coherent, so that it sounds natural and smooth. In theory, should enable the human voice in any code, the loudness that remain constant. In order to not disrupt the natural sense of life on the basis of the specific effects of the treatment you can use 1/5 octaves of the balanced process, specifically the following situations: (1) to bolster the narrow, lack of depth, you can use the 800Hz 1/5 octaves of the decay process, attenuation of maximum value to-3dB. (2) volume tongue tooth tone pitch scream, "sh" sound sense of lack of clarity, you can use the 2500Hz/5 octaves of the decay process, attenuation of maximum value to-6Db. The balance of the sound source, it is best to use to display the equilibrium curves of the equalizer. General digital mixing console Equalizer balanced gain adjustment knob used to identify the "G", balanced frequency spin button with "F" to identify that a balanced bandwidth spin button with "F" or "Q" to identify. Delayed feedback delay and feedback effects processing is among the most widely used, but also the mostFor complex way. Of these, reverb, chorus, ECHO, effects, chrome, its basic processing methods are delayed feedback. 1, reverb reverb effect is used to increase the sources of fusion. Natural sources of delay sound very intensive, complex array, so the simulation of the reverb effect programs are complex and changeable. Common parameters have the following: reverberation time: can a realistic simulation of natural reverberation digital reverberator has a complex set of procedures, although there are many technical parameters adjustable, however on the adjustment of these technical parameters will not be higher than the original result more natural, particularly the reverberation time. High-frequency rolloff: this parameter is used to simulate natural reverberation, which air on high frequency absorption effect, to produce a more natural reverberation effect. General high frequency mixed descending adjustable 0.1 ~ 1.0. This value is high, a reverb effect is also close to the natural reverberation; this value is low, a limpid reverb effect. Diffusion: this parameter can be adjusted mixed sound matrix density of growth, its adjustable range is from 0 to 10, its value is high, more generous, reverb effect; its value warmth is low, the reverb effect is a more spacious, quiet part. Pre delay: natural sound of the establishment of a mixed array will be delayed for a period of time, pre delay is the simulation time effects and settings. Acoustic wave density: this parameter to adjust the density of sound wave, its value is high, reverb effect more warmth, but there are obvious acoustic colouring; its value is low, a deep reverb effect, cutting sound less dyeing also. Frequency modulation: this is a technical parameters, because electronic reverb sound matrix density than natural reverberation sparse, in order to enable reverb sound smoother, coherent, mixing sound array conducting modulation delay time. This technology can effectively eliminate delay sound arrays fragmentation, you can increase the mixed sound sense of softness. Depth: refers to the healing frequency circuit of its cure depth. The reverb type: different room's natural mixed sound differences are large array, but this difference is not a one or two parameters can be shown. In digital reverberator, different natural reverberation requires a different program. It may have small Hall in general options (S-Hall), Hall (L-Hall), room (Room), stochastic (Random), reverse reverb (Reverse), steel (Plate), spring (Sprirg), etc. A small Hall, Hall Room reverb reverb effect is natural; plate, spring reverb you can simulate early mechanical effect reverb. Room size: this is in line with the natural reverberation effects settings, it is easy to understand. Room on the connection: the connection is the one-room reverb intensity, he and the room wall absorption characteristics, this parameter is used to control this feature. Early reflections and the mixed sound balance: reverberation of the early reflections and the processing effect characteristics closely, and mixed sound wave experiments are not so diverse, so digital reverb for the generation of these two parts are separated, this parameter is used to adjust the early reflections and the mixed sound wave balance between loudness. Early reflections and the mixed sound delay time: the early reflections and the mixed sound RUF delay time control. This time, the reverb effect is clear of the preceding paragraph; this time, early reflections and the mixed sound will overlap with the reverb effect a turbidity of the preceding paragraph. In addition to the above adjustable parameters, the reverb effect and some other supplementary parameters, such as low pass filter, high pass filter, direct access to the mixed sound loudness/balance control, etc. 2, delay delay is the delay in the audio source for a period of time, then you would like to play the effect processing. According to their different delay times, produces the chorus, chrome, ECHO, etc. When a delay time in 3 ~ 35ms between human ear cannot feel latency sound exists, and he and the original audio source overlays, because of their phase interference from the comb filter "effect, this is the chrome effect. If the delay in the above 50ms delay sound is legible, in which case the effect is the answer. Echo processing generally is used to produce simple reverb effect. Delay, chorus, chrome, ECHO, effects of adjustable parameters are the same, there are several specific: * delay time (Dly), namely the main delay circuit of delay time adjustment. * Feedback gain (FB Gain), i.e. delay feedback gain control. * Feedback frequency ratio (Hi Ratio), the feedback loop of high-frequency attenuation control. * Modulation frequency (Freq), the master delayed FM cycle. * Modulation depth (Depth), refers to the depth of the modulation frequency modulation circuit. * High frequency gain (HF), means the high-frequency balance control. * Pre delay (IniDly), the master delay circuit pre delay time adjustment. * Balanced frequency (EQF), where the frequency balance for the tone adjustments, such as balanced frequency selection in points. As a result of delay effects are more complex, if not the effects handling experts, it is recommended that you use the device in a preset parameters, because these preset parameters give the treatment effect is generally better. Acoustic excitation on sound source signal on the degree of limiting processing, audio will produce a similar "saturated" bolster effect so that its pronunciation without raising the actual loudness of loudness increase on the basis of the results. Some digital effects on with nonlinear saturation effect, he is the amplitude of the signal processing, analog large battery signal transistors on the nonlinear caused by saturated, and thus produce "hard" experiments. As a result of limiting distortion arising mainly produce additional higher harmonic components, so the new design of the actuator, in order to make its processing results are soft, by sources of home purchase higher carrier ingredients to simulate limiting distortion, create less "hoarse" acoustic excitation effect. In addition, by one of the high-order harmonics for strengthening the high pass filter on the original signal is processed, and then superimposed on the delay of the original signal, you can create a tone head clear sound effects. Clearly, this approach can produce less noisy incentive. Stimulation treatment is similar to audio equipment overload distortion, so sound source forVolume incentives, will produce a sense of the noise in the DMCA. Due to the fidelity of early sound equipment is not high, people have become accustomed to that kind of slightly noisy sound, and for the musical brain clean fidelity audio, but not used, feel its pronunciation is too weak. In the sound source, in addition to a small number of specially trained people, most of the speakers are lack of stiffness, thus encouraging treatment here is essential. On the human voice of incentive to address the following situations: (1) the encouragement of vocal music, its spectrum distribution to midpoint 2500Hz to. This incentive effect more natural and comfortable, to increase the sense of the role of the sound source highlighting too noticeable. (2) the encouragement of nasal voice, its spectral distribution to midpoint 500Hz to. Such incentives can effectively increase the stiffness of the human voice. (3) on the human voice 800Hz near incentive, you can increase the sources of noise are, of course, this treatment method of use should be very careful, it is only used for the singing of rock 'n' roll. (4) on the human voice 3500-6800Hz range spectrum, not encouraging, because it is easy to make audio sources produce unpleasant noise. (5) on the voice of teeth tone should generally be avoided using incentive because this band distortion is very easy to be aware of. Of course if you are using the incentive effect of soft digital Exciter, you can also do on teeth tone, slight incentive to increase teeth tone of the analysis. Its handling of spectrum should 7200Hz above. Sining stimulation treatment is generally conservative. In the actual tuning, the incentive effect of pitch may be as long time listening and gradually weakening, and adjust the incentive effect, the time should not exceed 10 minutes. On the sound source of stimulation treatment, it is best to use digital effects processor. It typically has the following to adjust the parameters: 1. the input gain (Gmn), is used to adjust the input level, note here not to make the equipment generates overload. 2. the tuning frequency (Tuning), according to the band, select a suitable frequency. 3. driver-level (Drive), is used to adjust the depth of inspiration. Driver-level is large, the effects of a noisy; driver-level, the effect is more hours. 4. mixing ratios (Mix), that is, the raw signal and the signal effect of loudness ratio. Effect of overall planning on sound source of fine processing, you need to use 1 full-digital audio mixing console, at least, 3 desk digital effects and a digital Exciter, its connection as shown in the drawings. First of all in the sound mixer, use Channel Equalization control unit on the human voice to the tone adjustments, to enable them to improve your experiments, here are a few common examples. (1) the band can be near 8OOHz lead to some sick sense, thus is can be in this band up to 15dB of attenuation, the band width is 1/5 octaves, used to improve the overall impression of the human voice pronunciation; (2) 68O0Hz nearby band enables voice generated din't, unpleasant feelings in this band to maximum 10dB attenuator, band width of the l/5 octaves to weaken teeth tone sense of scream; (3) for pronunciation too light, there is the feeling of exploding stick the ears may be in 3400Hz Department up to 8dB of attenuation, the band width is 1/3 octaves; (4) for the nasal overweight, may be appropriate in the following band 500Hz attenuate attenuation bandwidth of 3 octaves; (5) teeth tone UHF segment due to the influence of the human ear sensitivity needed to enhance 6dB 12KHz Department (band width to 2 octaves), the loudness of musical with the human voice. More balanced handling more suitable for on-site PA, if it is a multitrack sound recording or broadcast forwarding, you should gain adjustment by half. After a fine balance, then adjust the actuator. The actuator driver level and mixing level to maximum status, frequency tuning in 2500Hz, if its pronunciation is out loud, or sound perfect, can lower the driver level, it should be noted that this change is the hardness of the sound source. If the driver level increase in higher positions, but only the mixing level reduction, the noise of audio with high hardness remains the same, but it will be processed without the incentive of original sound slightly obscure. This phenomenon in depth the very strong motivation more obvious when, in which former pronunciation given people the sense of hearing is the original sound, the latter may produce two layers of sound, it has increased the vocals layered effect. General 1 exciter can only handle one band, and many single-function actuator connection requires not only series in parallel. If you need to sources of more than one band plus incentive, suggested here, as shown in the drawings of the device is connected, the reverberation device should use multiple processing with incentive effects (such as YAMAHASPX990), you can use the actuator handle 500Hz, 800Hz and 7200Hz band, the use of reverb on the incentive function processing 2500Hz band. Once again remind everyone that the motivation of adjustment time short enough to prevent ear fatigue, cannot accurately identify the degree of motivation is appropriate. The last is to adjust the reverb effect. Here the reverb effect that includes two aspects, one is the basic retouching, another is strongly pigmented. Reverberation processing infrastructure improvements, mainly in order to increase the sources of financing and sexual, but can't let people listen to a room and sound. Here's the strong reverberation processing, dyeing effect was mainly used to generate sound sources, the likes of rendering of the way they handle the following three conditions: (1) generate a sense of space. Use the Hall or room reverb effect. Analog sound obvious natural reverberation effect reverb processing simple and efficient way, to this effect channel 3500Hz nearby band slightly elevated, can produce penetration are good high-luminance noise. Of course, also has a disadvantage, namely the treatment of turbid, sometimes with a "boring tank" sound. (2) to generate the response. Long delay time delay feedback process, you can simulate the effect of ECHO Valley; processing of delay time in General and singing songs of rhythm music. To make the effect more distant sense, can be 1600Hz following and moderate 3800Hz above band attenuation. Simulation of the Valley echo effects, many digital effects processors have a ready-made program available. (3) the thawing and generated sound background. The sound of the likes of reverb effect on the sound source is very effective for beautification, almost all of the human voice singing to use reverb. Without changing their pronunciation, or cause the stuffy tank "sound, we think the reverb effect stronger and better, but often is a reverb effect is still very weak, its pronunciation has become universal, and apparent" stuffy tank "sound. In order to not cause its pronunciation became muddy, or causing the stuffy tank "sound, build integration and a sound background. The following recommended the following approach to the effect that delay a reverb-line approach. This kind of delay time is usually 200-600ms, feedback gain 40%-60%, use the Hall reverb effect reverb, the reverberation time is 2-8s. In-line processing of reverb effect requires a smooth and consistent. If the processed sound tone head stood out, you can make the following adjustments, the first is to shorten the delay time, the second is to increase the reverberation of loudness, third is to increase the reverberation time. Reverberation processing of strong colouring effect, generally should be based on the premise of finishing, dyeing processing such strong can be weak.