【 Weak current College 】 on voice recorded seven things

1, 200 ear on the frequency of detection between 400Hz ~ ability is strong, the ability to detect high relative weak. Therefore, the human voice recording cannot trouble, that defects will be able to make people aware.
2. takes note of the different characteristics of different voices, you should only the largest possible pick best vocal, early may resolve the matter, don't expect late.
3, should be aware of teeth tone: when air flow through the teeth of time quickly produces friction sound, high-frequency: mouth of the nasal flow path is blocked, soft palate, airflow through the nasal cavity. About 250Hz location. The nasal overweight, clearly affect overall, so try to avoid in the recording. If you have a niche of sound recording cream out of a large number of nasal sound, that is not qualified. Saliva: saliva at the sound of the oral cavity flows, the most efficient approach is to let the singer to drink water.
4, there is no standard microphone selection, only fit. Not all human voice recording are suitable for large earthquake film capacitor microphone. For example, the lack of high frequency or low frequency of singers.
5. the nature of the problem. The lower the frequency of the less obvious, the higher the more obvious. Highest frequency directivity is forward along the mouths of a line.
6. about microphone selection and set-up: voice recording, typically select microphone distance around singer 20CM microphone shock film and singer of highly parallel mouth, according to the actual situation can up above or below the mouth nose parallel 5CM. Left off center can be up to 2 ~ 3 cm. Large earthquakes membrane microphone has a warm and generous characteristics, if the response is good. The heart-shaped point to effectively cut off from all the room acoustic (sound is the reflection of sound room). Weaknesses are, for the high-frequency performance in stressed singer, high frequency performance if it is not sufficient to cause the singer's voice is characteristic. Usually you can prepare three microphone, including warm tube microphone, neutral universal microphone (for example U87), as well as high-frequency response of small earthquake film capacitor microphone is outstanding. You can then prepare SM58 Microphone circle. Such prepared basic can work. Neutral microphone to hit more than 70 per cent of singers, especially without any voice of singer. Also for the advantages and disadvantages too prominent singer, but also not a good solution to use (such as high-frequency special limited tooth sound so sad). Electron tube microphone one-sided understanding is warm and generous, transient, sound slightly distorted and blurred. But upscale tube microphone sound distortion is very small, still very clear crystal clear, but with a relatively strong sweet taste. Therefore, if a suitable sound you can select. Small earthquakes membrane microphone frequency response is usually very good, but in the low-frequency response is not very good. And low frequency sound relatively bleak, resulting in a rather cold too bright. Additionally it on Jet tone and sound very sensitive teeth. For high-frequency very distinctive singer, you can try. Dynamic microphone, in a number of singers have loud, want to retain this dynamic, the capacitor microphone will be difficult, at this time to consider moving-coil. But it should be noted that nearly stresses effect, that is, the closer the sound from microphone, the more significant low frequency. Near stresses effect can increase the voice of warmth, but too much will give people a sense of sound isolation, sounds uncomfortable. So should the degree you want to have control.
7, acoustic environment: for the acoustic environment of the Studio, for example, some of the family. Low-frequency processing is very bad, in this way, the sound will not clean and has a more serious response or even the "overlap". In such an environment, the best choice is heart-shaped point to. If you are concerned about positive reflection sound, you can use the bedding material, in the back wall, this reflex can also be reduced. For acoustical environment good shelter, you can use Omni microphones, sound more natural and wide, all point to the benefits of is that there was no significant effect of nearly stresses, singer location changes do not affect the sound. Alternatively use the lap record at multiple levels and multiple voices, the effect is very good.

【 Weak current College 】 KTV room audio system tuning techniques

1. adjust the sound quality and volume. Due to the KTV singing karaoke, no trained person's voice, the sound quality isn't very good but lack of brightness, men prone guttural and Husky, girls prone to breath noise and fault code. Therefore, the need for high-frequency 500MHz above, on the low-frequency 100Hz following also need to be removed, at the same time in the band promotion 3-6dB to increase luminance, the sound is clear and bright. General singer voice is low and the lack of loudness, volume to increase the number and frequency of the 2000MHz nearby paragraph be promoted so that treatment can increase the sound loudness.
2. adjust the sound volume with the accompaniment of microphone volume. In General, a good amount of songs, you are assigned, the accompanying music is roughly 40%, 60% of the singing voice. If the singer on the song melody is not familiar, easy to sing out of tune, or not taken on, then appropriately increase the number of accompaniment of the volume.
3. use reverb beautification. KTV song characteristics, is in the song plus electronic reverb, can cover up the throat sound and defect in some of the sound. Male vocal, generally low to reduce reverberation time shorter, and soprano singing time may be appropriate to extend the reverberation time in order to increase the sound of color. As for singing with regard to the environment, if the room surrounding wall is made of wooden planks, itself a reverb effect, then you should adjust the reverb time, so as to avoid short some obscure; in sound without special requirements, you can adjust the reverb knob in the middle position, which is a direct sound component and the proportion of reverberation component of roughly 1: 1.
4.KTV rooms sound tuning of Whistler. High-frequency if you are prone to howl? it's not a tuning is not in place is decorated with more obvious defect of acoustical or both. Then you can try the microphone bass, treble attenuation due to maintain the 12 o'clock position or right ascension, and then--slow-slow-to-increase microphone volume begins with high frequency whistle appears and then the appropriate callback is to secure the volume location. Attention to two microphones at the opening of the FBI, at least one shall be placed on the table to the speakers. Believe should be performed easily sound clear and relatively safe microphone effect (provided that the complete device including the microphone has a flat frequency response, actually means to have a better quality. If the hardware is natural enough won't bother. Device to change again).

【 Weak current College 】 audio equipment operational pitfalls and safe use of points

First, add the power outlet FireWire (L) and zero line (N) reversed.
Second, unacknowledged power good he hurried received power or power-on.
III. electrical switches also open is connected to power.
Explanation:
Many electric is the location of the FireWire on fuse, connected backwards may cause the fuse after electric still live. It is best to use double fuse and double knife switch, you can also cut the FireWire and zero line. Type socket is directly attached to the electrical equipment, connected to the regulator and other protection devices determine without exception to the closed state from each device connected. Note that row is inserted and the power of good exposure. Post at least to confirm that the power amplifiers switch is closed and the smallest volume position. Some have a microphone input of the amplifier to the microphone volume down.
Important: wiring standard specifications; look over the device status, do not hurry to turn on the system.
4. power cord exposed vulnerable to tread on playing.
5, wire winding messy, signal cables and power cord is too close.
6. forget to confirm the wiring is correct to laminate.
Explanation:
The power cord when the add-in is going to take into account, you should remember to do make it difficult to be pulled out of work, leave some length instead reluctantly extension, avoid great perspective on the subject pull, as far as possible, avoid the smooth lines of the slit and angle; wire wrapped around a would not, however, will line up into use. Conductor power like antenna, neatly folded and parallel wires in each snap is better than mutually perpendicular wire interference. In particular, signal and power cables from entanglement of the worst; wiring is incorrect and unstable is a professional application of taboo, reliable wire may make the work of an unexpected opportunity to reduce significantly.
Important: do not ignore the connection.
7. do not confirm each device isthe volume off to the minimum position.
8. power-on sequence error. If you open the power amplifier.
Volume nine, when debugging too much at once.
Explanation:
A too large for the current General Assembly, the moment it is possible to get rid of equipment. Although professional equipment has a fairly comprehensive protection, but also do not gamble. Equipment sometimes protection circuit moves ago first damage. The above three types of negligence and error may be audio equipment in particular speaker burn out.
Important: exercise caution at every level.
10. use in an attempt to move, change of equipment.
11. working time to the effect that forget to monitor the status of the equipment.
12. equipment working exception not calmly pulled.
Explanation:
The equipment is working to make it not to move, not even try to feidong pause time; to monitor the status of observation equipment means any exception, there is the main note volume overload. There are exceptions to calmly take action quickly and accurately. [fenye]
How to use audio equipment
How to use audio equipment? this article here provides some useful recommendations for your reference:
1. takes note of the conditions for the use of the machine:
General instruction of the machine are listed in the conditions of use of the machine, such as:
1. ambient temperature:-10 ¡æ-40 ¡æ-+
2. relative humidity: 50%-80%
3. power voltage: 198V-242V
4. the power supply frequency: 50Hz — 60Hz
Specifically, requirements:
1. avoid temperature very low or very high environment machine, avoiding the direct rays of sunlight has the surface of the machine.
2. avoid damp environment using the machine in order to avoid premature failure within components or machine premature rusting.
3. use the front must confirm the local supply voltage corresponds with the machine.
Second, note the use of the environment of the machine:
1. avoid dust and vibration environment usingthe machine.
2. in the machine's surroundings should leave enough empty space to facilitate heat dissipation of the machine.
3. for power amplifier, should pay special attention to maintain cooling channel flow.
3. machine use of note:
1. in the audio system, you should be aware of the power-on, shutdown sequence. Power-on, you should first open sources, open in front of the device, and then power amplifiers; shutdown, you should close the power amplifier, and then close the audio sources, and other leading devices. Audio equipment if the volume knob, power on, power off before the volume knob off to a minimum. The aim is to reduce the power on, power off the impact of the speaker.
2. pull the plug is charged, plug the signal. Avoid the resulting shocks and damage to machines or speakers.
3. the machine to work if making an abnormal sound, immediately turn off the power to stop using. And please experienced qualified maintenance personnel maintenance. Its not on the machine, so the machines suffer more damage or cause electric shock accident.
Fourth, pay attention to the maintenance of the machine:
1. do not use volatile solvent-cleaning machines, such as gasoline, alcohol, etc, wipe the surface of the machine, dust with a soft cloth. But when the clean machine Shell to unplug the power supply.
2. the machine is generally not waterproof, water in case of wet, wipe with a dry cloth, and water stains dry before startup work.
3. do not place heavy objects on the machine to machine.
5. safe use of the machine:
1. never wet hands pulling, plug in the power plug to avoid electric shock.
2. the long-term when not in use, move the power plug from the power supply.
3. do not let the iron pins, clips, coins and other metal conductive material falling into the tank, so as not to damage the machine.
4. replace the fuse of the machine, you should strictly follow the requirements change, is strictly prohibited the use of non-requirement of substitutes.
5. machine in use, should be the case then place safety grounding.
6. the machine is strictly prohibited in the case of overload or short-circuit.
7. General in the civil power amplifierBack panel there are auxiliary power outlet, not through its connection, hair dryer, iron, electric appliances, it can only be used to connect to the audio device.
8. at constant pressure power amplifier, its output will have a high output voltage and the output pin is generally longer, therefore in use, it is important to ensure that the output pin of the safe and reliable.
6. Note the power line protection:
1. to avoid the power cord is treading, was a heavy squeeze.
2. do not pull the plug and brute force perverted, and power cords.
3. pull the plug from the socket, you should seize the plug and unplug it.
In short, modern audio equipment is a high-tech products, be sure to carefully maintained, safe use, and correct operation. For beauty, and avoid unexpected losses.

【 Weak current College 】 digital mixing console function keys and the signal process

Digital mixer of low noise, low distortion, support for MIDI routing and easy to fulfill automatic control and remote control. The following spoke: a case study of Japan YAMAHAO2R its function and the signal flow.
1. Enter the channel section
(1) enter the simulation control:
① + 48V press: to provide the illusion voltage capacitor microphone.
② Select keys A/B: A popup, you plug the card, press B, then big three-prong plug.
③ P A d key: value decay, pressing this key, the input signal attenuation 20dB.
④ G a I n knob: adjust the input signal on a lot.
⑤ P e a k light: lit, indicates the input signal is too large to enter after distortion sound mixer.
⑥ S I g n a l lights: instructions of the input signal.
Analog signal after these components, A/D conversion into digital status, within the digital phase, digital attenuator, digital delay and digital dynamic handling unit circuit.
(2) the attenuation level control:
① Knob: control the size of the tape returns.
② S E L key (option key): to select the input channels.
③ O n keys (up arrow): select the channel open.
④ F a d e r (fader): input channel attenuator.
⑤ f l I p keys (alternating) key: pressing it, above the knob, SEL, On keys with the following faders, SEL and On mutual reversed.
2. the straps, control and display section
(1) display receive:
① structure keys:
SceneMemory — scene memory keys for the scene to edit, store, transfer out.
DigitalI/O-data input, output, key, used to set the word synchronous clock connection structure and clock frequency.
Setup — sets the key that is used to define the incentive solo listening and priority system operations.
Utility — multifunctional keys, check the oscillator settings, battery and channel status.
AutoMix — automatically mix keys for incentive tuning automation.
Group — the Group keys, used to enter the channel faders marshalling and dumb code grouping.
MIDI — electronic music digitalinterface for MiDi channel settings and feature settings.
Pair-pairing key for input channels of a stereo pair.
② mixing key
F/T A T-down phase/attenuation key that is used to enter the channel down phase and level adjustment.
Delay: delay key, the access road signal delay, used to compensate for the delayed signal transmission.
PAN — sound like key and adjust each channel's sound like.
Routing — — hybrid bus-select keys for entering into the mix bus connections.
Meter-header indicates that the channel level indication.
View — the channel overview key that is used to adjust the selected channel all parameters indicate.
EQ — balancing key that is used to select channel equalization curve display and adjustment.
DynamICs – dynamic handling of keys for channel pressure, expanding dynamic processing.
③ secondary key: AUX1 ~ AUX8, used to adjust the channel level auxiliary, AUX1 bus «AUX6 can be used to add effects or listening, AUX7 ~ AUX8 is two sets of built-in effects bus.
(2) of the selected channel control:
① Enter bus selection: the selected channel into 1 ~ 8 group buses and stereo bus (ST) or 1 ~ 16-channel direct output.
② entering secondary bus selection: the selected channel into secondary bus, (not selected two auxiliary), with a secondary bus send level adjustment. Connected to its switches.
③ audio-visual control: the right knob knobs for sound and image location, next to the led display distribution location. Left for the allocation to the grouped Busbar 1 ~ 8, as well as left and right channels of amplitude values on a bus of the key. When used in sections 17 to 24 channels, you must use these keys to separate regulation, because it left and right channels are independent of the PAN.
④ balance adjustment: EQOn to reach equilibrium keys, EQ adjustment has four frequency bands and three filters. Low/HPF keys are used to low frequency balance or high pass filtering; L-Mid key is used for low-band equalization; H-Mid keys are used to balance the high frequency band; High/LPF keys for the same band equalizer or low-pass filter. The knob for the upper-right corner on the quality factor Q value adjustment range is 10 to adjust the values by 0.1, next to the 3-digit led display. Corner for gain adjustment knob, range from adjustable 21Hz ~ 20.1kHz, three-digit number by the value of the light-emitting diode next to the show. Corner for gain adjustment knob, range-18dB to + 18dB, consists of three next to the light-emitting diode shows. Four frequency bands parameter range of values is the same, but in the low and high frequency band Q value adjustment optional on peaking and rack mount two balanced character, gain knob then go to filter on and off.
(3) parameter selection and control:
SceneMemory (scene memory) – ▲ and ▼ keys change the scene memory pages.
Store (store) — sets the current tuning parameter group of deposited scene store.
Recall (call) — the scene memory of parameters, and restore it to a mixer.
Cursor (cursor) — for LCD screen cursor movement (its role as a mouse).
DataWheel (data wheel) — for modulation parameter value.
Enter (return) — use to verify the input options and parameters
From getting started to master Florida mixer [fenye]
(4) display section:
① S c e n e M e m o r y (scene memory) – with two light-emitting diode display number.
② F a d e r S t a t u s (faders status) — Is used to display the status input faders. AUX signal and, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 light means the faders and controls into the secondary bus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 's level.
③ S e l e c t e d C h a n n e l (selected passage) — three lights indicate the status of the selected channel. MIC/Line input to the microphone line. Returns the status for tape TapeRTN; Output to output status.
④ LCD screen — to adjust the control parameters and various graphical display.
⑤ left and right channel master output level display.
⑥ C o n t r a s t (contrast) — for the LCD contrast adjustment.
3. monitoring and output section (including talk, listen on output):
Solo (solo listening) — listen to the General switch. It and the channel On the key.
ControlRoom (control room press) — for sound control room sound control.
T/BLevel (intercom-level): adjust the volume on the speakers.
PhonesLevel (headphone level) — adjust the headphone volume.
StudioLevel (Studio-level) – adjust Studio key group level.
C-RLevel (control level) – control room key group level.
2TR-D1┐
2TR-D2 │-2-track tape digital information.
2TR-D3┘
2TR-A1┐
? │-2-track tape emulation information.
2TR-A2┘
Slate (credited) — Talkback microphone sound recorded in the beginning of the tape recording to show identification.
Mono (monophonic) — listen on Mono.
Dim (Digitalinputmode) — — digital input mode.
4. instructions
(1) Japan's analog output have YAMAHAO2R: stereo output, Studio Monitor output, control room monitor output and auxiliary output. Digital output: digital stereo output, MIDI input and output and interposer.
(2) on the input and output channel for dynamic addressing, the amplitude of the sound signal processing technology, including: compression, extension, noise gate, used to improve the quality of the sound signal.
(3) set of secondary bus 7 and 8 as built-in effects processing, its built-in effects with commonly used effects machines.
(4) can automate tuning operations, by enter and the cursor keys combination. As long as the show receive some press AutoMix key, select the LCD display automatically mix AutomixMain page.
(5) auto tuning recording system needs time code, make the scene recording and tape recorders to go with synchronization. Native support for three types of time code synchronization system, namely the SMPTE timecode, MIDI (MTC) and internal timecode (INT).
(6) digital input channels have increased state handling, recording on tape recorders have to deal with pre-emphasis.
(7) equipped with MIDI control system, sound mixer for tele-modern and data signal transmission. MiDi parameter settings are 3: MiDi MiDi program change setting, allocation and MiDi data processing.
(8) if it is confusing, some or all of the functions of control, can be initialized. Press the Cursor left on powering the LCD screen gives you a confirmation of information dialog box, use the Cursor keys, select Execute (implementation), press ENTER to finish.

【 Weak current College 】 school athletic field broadcast sound reinforcement system design

School outdoor track and field-field sound reinforcement, mainly to meet the meeting, the games, broadcasting gymnastics, language and music sound reinforcement, it is different from normal room sound reinforcement, and from outdoor concerts, sound reinforcement, but instead has its own characteristics. Here to talk about this issue.
To design an outdoor athletic field of broadcasting sound reinforcement system, we must first understand its venue size and choose a viable sound field layout scheme, to a lesser extent, depending on the sound field layout scheme to choose the right speaker, to the extent possible, select low attenuation of long-range sound kinds. Because as the school athletic field sound reinforcement systems, investment limited, technical standards will not be too high, we are here not to discuss the network audio system also does not discuss using line array speaker sound reinforcement systems.
An amplification system, namely by sources, sound mixer, peripherals, power amplifier and speakers, school athletic field broadcast sound reinforcement system is no exception. In the system, the preceding sources, sound mixer, peripheral equipment, etc., can be matching (the more technical articles, you are free to access). This article is primarily on the amplifier and speaker selection, a theory of inference, then the speaker layout and matching discussions.
Because it is outside, its acoustic properties comply with the conditions of a free sound field and the law, it and venues, such as indoor acoustics are quite different. Accordingly, we are considering options for sound reinforcement sound field mostly consider two aspects, one is the sound field characteristics of the layout; the second is based on usage requirements and price/performance ratio, etc.
The following explains:
A sound field characteristics:
General track as lumbar circle, and is standard comparison site, surrounded by spacious and larger. Consider a uniform distribution of the acoustic field should be based on distributed speaker layout, single account General site is not doing speaker rack and pipeline embedded, not have distributed sound reinforcement of conditions, the use of the rostrum on the side of the centralized form of the more common sound reinforcement. This form is in place on both sides of the rostrum, the full-frequency sound box 4-8, speaker arrays, the various speakers separately adjust the radiation angle and does not do stereo sound reinforcement, to ensure that the entire track and field uniform distribution of the sound field.
Under the freedom of acoustic characteristics of sound field, regardless of the speaker repeat coverage be somewhere from the rostrum of the sound pressure level: LP = Ls + 10lgW + 10lg (Q/4 l r 2)
-Ls: speaker sound sensitivity W: drive power
R: the distance from the speaker: speaker volume n
Assuming that, select a fine speaker, its technical parameters are as follows, using the formula to calculate the distance of 100 metres at the rostrum of the sound pressure level: Q = 180 °/arcsin (sin45 ° * sin25 °) = 10.34 out Ls = 99dBW = 500Wn = 4
LP=99+10lg500+10lg(10.34/(4*3.14*1002))
=99+27-41=85dB
As the rostrum on both sides of the layout of a set of speaker arrays, and not as a stereo mode sound reinforcement, do not coincide and even covers the entire athletic field, the sound pressure level to meet the language and General music sound reinforcement.
Second, the speaker configuration
Speaker selection, it is first necessary to consider its radiation angle. General speaker of the specification will provide its horizontal and vertical radiation angle, such as 60 ° x 40 °, 90 ° x 60 °, where the first number represents the level of radiation angle, the second number represents the vertical radiation angle. According to the foregoing requirements, as the track field in the centralized sound reinforcement programme, you must use the small radiation angle of thespeaker, on the one hand, as far as possible reduce multiple speaker sound interference between, on the other hand, can make the sound radiation distance increases, the so-called remote speakers.
In actual use, the author recommended 60 ° x 40 ° or smaller radiation angle. Shall consult the speaker information, there are a number of tube amps, for example, the United States C brand speakers R series box.
In addition, the speaker set-up, to take full advantage of geometric acoustic mapping methods, on the speaker's voice and radiation angle for simulation, by adjusting, final speakers of hanging height, angle and so on.
Select the speaker has a metric is the input power. This indicator reflects the speaker units affordable electric power input driver. It is assumed that the conversion efficiency of certain circumstances, of course, the greater the power, radiation sound energy is also bigger, meet sound pressure value can be reduced by the number of speakers, which reduces multiple speaker stack of acoustic interference phenomena, to improve the sound quality is good.
Also, with regard to the determination of the sound pressure value. Meet to hear clearly the conditions, sound pressure value at 70-80dB, as system margin to 85dB meets most schools athletic field broadcast sound reinforcement requirements. There is no need to set a high standard, this can significantly reduce the system cost.
3. Select power amplifier
The power amplifier and speaker of the match, not necessarily to the conclusion that the author is not prepared to discuss in the article. Here only the amplifier and speaker of the connection mode. As we all know, the power amplifier and speaker of the connection mode stereo (Stero), monaural (mono) parallel and bridge (Bridge) method. As mentioned above, in order to meet the sound field in full uniform coverage, the system will work in mono mode, the same reason, the power amplifier and speaker also works in the latter two connection methods. As for the amplifier is working to bridge the output mode, it is first necessary to consider the reliability of the power amplifier, a second to consider load (speakers with an impedance of series-parallel) size. The general principle is that the amplifier's reliability, load impedance in 4-8 Ω, select the type of output mode, it can also reduce the cost of some power amplifier, the other may in his discretion select Mono parallel output mode.

【 Weak current College 】 basic principles of stage design

1. single port area
(1) sets the height of the mouth region in General, but from around 7m development expected to 8 ~ 9m, especially for popular music and dance performances, the desk edge design requirements than traditional high performance. End-stage cannot form the stage, its integration with the Auditorium.
(2) sets the width of the mouth is normally around 16 ~ 18m 18m you have is the limit. This is subject to restrictions, and performances by the actors in the two estuary near side will produce echo sound feeling. The traditional approach is to small to medium 10 ~ 12m, 12 ~ 14m, usually half the width of the Auditorium. In order to adapt to modern techniques and the plot of the film, you can increase the station's Deputy extraoral.
(3) sets of lips. Out of the arena box section of not less than 1.5m.
2. stage
(1) the width of the stage as one mouth width of two times (28 ~ 32m). Side table should be in the front of the stage and performance area on one side or both sides.
(2) the stage of depth is generally 12 ~ 15m, medium 16 ~ 18m (adaptability strongest), large as 19 ~ 21m.
Sky and run field aisle should have partition, partition, run field must not be less than the width of the door, door high 1.5m shall not be lower than 2.4m. In the side of the stage should be sound absorption treatment to prevent the stage space reverberation time is too long and have other defect and prevent of acoustic performances. End-stage can be 9m.
General stage on the second floor, flyover first layer bridges from table about the stage of the high combined with 0.5m and side curtain separated lm. Flyover wide 1.8 ~ 2.5m.
3. stage equipment
Stage of Suspender usually 3 ~ 5m/root, in the performance area arranged relatively dense. Each weighing about 400kg hangers. Stage curtain for the curtains, other former curtain and side-curtain, the former second curtain on curtain, curtain, lights, screens, screen, sky, and so on electric boom movements.
Large stage generally have a fake one, and there are the turntable, car computers, lift tables, fashion show, with expansion stage.
4. vision
(1) vision. According to the vision of resolution features 20 ~ 25m distance, you can clearly see the actor's expressive. Because of the actor's performance is in the mouth 3 ~ 5m Department, so the maximum range of validity is 18 ~ 20m, but practice shows that range in 29 ~ 30m Office can see the actor's subtle movements and facial expressions, this is the result of Lenovo. Therefore, the Auditorium of the length is approx..
(2) the stereoscopic effect. The larger the apparent distance of actor walking changes (that is, on the distance of) the more obtuse. For example, from the stage the audience 30m stage actor's location changes, only when the change is greater than you can feel the 0.65m, if the actor to the audience a small step forward (less than 0.65m), you didn't feel the variation, the stereoscopic effect is greatly affected.
(3) perspective. In having to turn the eyes, the most comfortable level angle of 30 degrees, then dip angle to 15 degree; in turn, eye level angle is 60 degrees, dip angle of 30 degrees, over this range is not suitable.
(4) section. Due to limitations of overlooking the corner blocks must not be too high, and pick the audience opening height nor too small.

【 Weak current College 】 performance stage lighting design of a few key points

1, Conference speech, lecture
① podium near than elsewhere, but could not make the speaker feels but.
② Open ceiling and ceiling lamp part, so that the audience Hall maintain a certain brightness.
③ with just the right amount of light, so that the audience can see the platform personnel face.
2, instrumental concerts
① Open ceiling, surface light so that the audience can see musicians, musical instruments and playing techniques.
② outstanding under the plot command and solo.
③ When equipped with the lamp, necessary so that the players can see scores.
④ Auditorium maintain appropriate brightness, so that the audience can see the program.
3, drama and art
① use white or pale light that highlights the bright and colorful costumes and make-up.
② with surface light highlighting actor expressions and gestures, but not too strong to face paint resulting reflective.
4, national dance
① background light to strongly gorgeous.
② the top light and surface light to white or pale, costume, facial expression, posture.
③ appropriate selection of chasing light, prominent dancer.
5, modern dance
① increase computer lamp, strobe light, smoke, and other special effects equipment.
② timely use of chasing light highlight the lead dancer, polyphony and accompaniment.
③ singing classes:
A, according to the plot and apparel determines the background color, not often change in performance.
B, the top surface of the lamp light, easy-to-use tints.
C, the low number of participating, with the lights out stage profile.

【 Weak current college 】 computer lamp code settings

Intelligent lights usually address code and function codes require some settings, the following simple introduction.
First of all say that code, the code is on the channel within the computer signals (such as color, pattern, coordinates, and the lights) to give a different number, in theory, all the lights of the code in the entire control system are unique, then you can control, but because of the different models of the console, the console on each page (PAGE) is not the same as the number of channels. In order to facilitate the programming of operability, we need according to the characteristics of the console and the lamp, the settings for the code, in one system, with the models of lamps can share an access code, is set to the same code in the Edit scene lighting is more convenient.
Code: General lamp start code is 1, only a few lights is 0, know the starting code began to set. In light of the backplane (or other location) we can see the code switch (DIP) and often is a labeled 1-10 of ten numbers, in the corresponding location on the General labeled 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, TEXT typeface, front nine is the actual value of decimal is easy to calculate, and the last is called lamp factory settings of the built-in test program function code, but some of the lamp may not be set with the code has nothing, as long as the programming and runtime will he placed in the OFF position. For example, there are four 12 channel head, two 20-channel scanning lamp, 10 3 channels of soft light lights can be set like the following one head light to 1 number, simply dial 1, on
1248163264128256 (decimal)
123456789 (binary)
Because he has 12 channel so 2 lights at least have to start from 13 will not be a conflict, you can dial into 13 of 13, 14, 15. .... Of arbitrary numbers, call us at 1 (so the two lamps in the programming and runtime can synchronize run) but it is customary to just press the channel number 13 = 1 + 4 + 8
134（ON）
3 lights 25 = 1+ 8 + 16
145
4 lights 37 = 1 + 4 + 32
136
5 lights because the previous head consumes 4X12 = 48, therefore have to start from 49
49 = 1 + 16 + 32
05W
6 lights because 5 lights must occupy 20 channel so he's starting from 69
69 = 1 + 4 + 64
137
7 lights for 4X12 + 2X20 = 88, must start from 89
89 = 1 + 8 + 16 + 64
1457
If you set the same CCPAR, also, set a different number or, simply, each additional one lamp with 3 code can additionally light of 1, 2, 3, the definition is random, you can CCPAR lights for 1, or you can scan lamp lights for 1, you can turn all the lights set to 20 or more than 20 channels, as long as your code without conflicts, your console channel number is adequate.

【 Weak current College 】 stage lighting knowledge Theatre stage lighting configuration

Stage lighting composing elements:
1. the performance characteristics of space composition
Architecture, sculpture, painting is the time and space in the flat or three-dimensional remained relatively timeless art. Performance art as a comprehensive time and space art need a maintenance concept modeling relationships of space--the theatre or concert venues. Stage artist in transcendent performance together with sound, light, color, shape, and other multidimensional factor of Visual and auditory of creative space, and over time, as well as the plot, the conversion and renewal of the scene. Whether the plot twist or theater of Opera and dance performances at the same time, the play of light in the audience to the Visual or unwittingly to light and shade effects change, changes in physical space or to optical device itself has caused all kinds of functional Visual performance results. To shape the image, rendering color, change tempo, the formation of ginseng with performances and visual vocabulary of theatrical space atmosphere, thus affecting the audience emotional changes, constitute the scene, actors and audience interaction and theatrical content with fixed space.
1, the performance space
Stage 1)
According to the performance characteristics of the scene, as well as theatre performances in the Studio environment, such as found can take advantage of objective conditions for lighting design.
2) Theatre, Studio and other performance space conditions
* Space environment: survey about theatre, drawing measurements or solicit the performance of environmental space plan, profile information, theatre desk-height, width and depth of data and the stage scale units.
* Device status: boom length, order number, order number, the space plane position, etc.
* Load: trunk rated load capacity, spur line circuit of rated load capacity, etc.
2. read the script and creative ideas
Play is for lighting, creative ideas, which can be a driving and authoring-related performance space refinement process.
1) to identify a representative character, plot changes, conflicts, imagine the desired environment.
2) on the times, times and seasons, scene environment, light direction, and color, imagination and positioning descriptions.
3) identify and adapt to show performance method and means of expression. Thinking about what kind of lighting can be used to create and story line stage and Visual effects.
4) script prompt scene, stage equipment.
3, time and space conversion performance
1) weather conditions: sunrise sunset, dusk to night, night and day, seasonal variation, night sky, location and geographical changes, etc.
2) geographical space, a mental space, scene, space, virtual space, partial and total space of conversion, etc.
4. from the plane to three-dimensional space shaping ideas
For each body surface Visual effects production processing and combinations and prospects of the space, space, after King zhongjin space plane composition application performance. Upper, middle and lower part of the space inside the Organization and implementation of methods for forecasting.
For example: backlight setting: the location of the horizontal and vertical angle, position, height, number of lamps, etc.
5, the part and the whole of the composition
Control light and color and lighting area. To the size, shape and quantity to performance stage composition of Visual images.
6, form select
According to the author's overall style determines the proper performance of the table type.
Past, present future memories even to illusion dream dream feeling impression abstract and realistic.
7, in a limited space in the infinite space
The presence in the show's enormous widely varying spatial effect of the change.
Real space and virtual space performance: specific stage space and special stage form a voice-over: dialogue: monologue, etc.
On the actual space environment improvement and development, or exaggerated or to zoom out.
On the left of the role of mental space and descriptive.
8, lighting the way of change
1) to change the plot is space changes.
2) to determine the lights change their lines.
3) to determine the lights change action.
4) to music or sound effects determine the lighting changes.
5) to time determine lighting changes.
9, different style genre of space processing
Classical, romantic, natural, realistic, token, stereo, future, composition, performance, hyper-realistic and the music, sound effects and spatial transformation associated: tune, melody and rhythm. [fenye]
Second, the space expression means
1. lighting equipment features performance research
* Flood lights: Heaven and Earth-light, pin light, top row flood lights, etc.
* Spotlight: convex lens of the lamp, soft light spotlight.
* No lens Spotlight: back to the light, PAR lamp bulb and closed. Including: parallel, set light-type, soft light, astigmatism-type, etc.
* Imaging Spotlight: shaping the lamp and imaging plate, light.
* Slideshow lamps: water ripple slideshow, slideshow, PANI running clouds and other effects lighting slideshow.
* Intelligent lights: light body rotation forms, mirror movement form, set the color-change, imaging the shaping, sports change as one of the lighting.
* Special projecting lamps: effect of equipment, color picker, smoke machine, digital computer projecting equipment etc.
* Operation control system: thyristor dimmer and dimming console sections feature.
* Color light filter: filter colors, color temperature, light, reflective film, soft light.
* Presentation laser: various low-power laser generator in the computer under the control of the complete picture of the scan.
* Secondary effects equipment: smoke generator and exhaust and air supply devices.
Snow generator, bubbles generator, liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, smoke, fire smoke, paper Fireworks, dry ice, etc.
2, lighting and lighting object material characteristics of application performance
Material--reflection diffuse translucent semi-permeable impervious to soft-flexible absorption reflection pattern.BR > material--textile materials--Cotton satin silk linen gauze.
Metals-gold, silver, copper, iron and aluminum alloy stainless steel-.
Natural materials-wood and clay brick plant-
Synthetic material--nylon plastic foam PVC sheet.
Smoking materials--glycol smoke oil stranded-smoke dry ice on the lower ground floor, smoke fired smoke liquid nitrogen
Performance results--vote, the vote is, plane, the solid, emboss, and texture, point, line, surface, level, open, half-silhouette silhouettes, flare, etc.
Features--mesh, rope, article screen, pillar, yarn curtain, article screen, frame, light box, etc.
3. a study of lighting design and basic concepts: the experience and performance
A light Foundation--static character study of light distribution
Four elements of light distribution
1) main light: themes and perspectives need to determine the main light direction, the main light to other light, use the spotlight and so hard.
2) auxiliary light: is your primary photo of secondary and supplementary role, modifiers. To soft light lighting simulation of natural environment of the reflected light.
3) backlighting: based on the main light and light. Can be stronger than the main light, can also be lower than the main light and strong in the auxiliary light, decorative styling.
4) light ratio:-to parties affected by the ratio of light and shade. According to the creative needs as a light ratio adjustment, in order to get the desired result.
The angle of light distribution: 90/120/180/270 degrees, etc.
Experiment B spot
Projection position light effect visual impression of theatre lighting equipment
1) is the former top--stability and natural sense surface light
2) above-before the ramp is angry face-stereo
3) is the former level--flat face flat shot after the light fades
4) is the former below--exceptions alike foot light and low angle lighting
5) is the direction--image distortion-free look at the top of the top row of light and lighting
6) is above the side--contrast Yin-Yang face side of the bridge and the top side lighting
Level 7) are side--tough ruthless sense side mobile light and flat side light
8) as above--after a sharp sense of decoration and top top row backlighting backlighting
4. observation of life experience
A change of the natural environment, observe daylight, Moonlight-, sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, environmental impact
B, observation of life-light and character and scene-sunlight: light, backlighting, side light, half-side performance, and more
C, application-determine the subject content of cloth light exercise: character screen cloth light exercise.
Related factors-shade shadow color tint strength of light quality media movement vocabulary
Visual-spatial and temporal rhythm zone changes to convert forms environment handle design portfolio
Stage lighting-Studio Theatre-stage three-side reach stage four stage lighting experimental theater lighting
5, theatre lighting experiments: including theatre lighting, projection, lighting effects, visual impression
TEST-1 flood discharge lamp: stage lighting overall uniform, painting King curtain lighting, decentralized and well-balanced effect.
TEST-2 foot light emission: simulation of natural ground reflected light, close-up portraits actors, but more about shadow sky.
TEST-3 flood discharge lamp and foot light emission: play area, sky get uniform illumination, Qing painting light writing, three-dimensional sense of inadequacy. [fenye]
TEST-4 days row lamp: uniform rendering on the gateway of the sky and the color changes.
TEST-5 to row lamp: sky color changes at the bottom of the shade: the sunrise sunset silhouette effect description, etc.
TEST-6 Tiandi row lamp: upper and lower part of the same color, you can receive uniform background lighting. You can show and night scene towards the curtain, etc.
TEST-7 flood discharge lamps, light, corner-foot light: eliminates noise, high-profile desalination results, figures of primary and secondary relationship is not clearly defined.
TEST-8 Pan row lamp: since the projection above the stage, being voted outstanding image, the shade effect more gorgeous.
TEST-9 flood discharge lamps, light, and row feet, top row of lights: viewers sight more focused, charactor insufficient light.
TEST-10 stage mobile lights: enhance the character of three-dimensional scenes, but often the shadow table.
TEST-11 surface lighting: around 450 angle above the swimming directed stage, simulation of natural light.
TEST-12 slap lighting: from both sides of the cast before the stage, actor of illusion.
TEST-13 flood discharge lamp + foot light + heaven row + surface light + slap: adequate brightness when tonal relationships.
TEST-14 flood discharge lamps, light, and row feet, top row, flows, surface light, ears: usually more lighting. More comprehensive orientation lighting, according to the actual needs of the show, by means of light adjustment for ideal stereo spatial effect.
TEST-15 chasing light: is typically set to the rear of the swimming pool or the desired location in the local space lighting, such as figures and a half, the whole body.
TEST-16 to row, top row, side light, movement, light, etc.: dimming processing performance three-dimensional sense get creative environment atmosphere.
TEST-17 world ranked top row of blue, white, and light blue, white: world rank flow blue light causes the overall tone, the top row of blue fill stage, of which three Spotlight highlights three local character modeling, a mobile lights emphasized after round ball.
TEST-18 to row light green, blue, top row lamp white and blue, mobile light light purple: sky blue from the bottom up to the formation of dark blue, light blue roof covered with table top, top row after single lamp white calendering, two flows into the figure on the central stage, violet supplementary form the cold tones of soft colorimetric environment.
TEST-19 concentrating feet light pale purple blue top row two, light white light light blue, dark blue floating lights: light by concentrating foot light interested people projecting in the sky background, roof lights blue fill stage, top light signal light and stressed the central image, coupled with the flow of light blue light, showing a fantastic atmosphere of shock effect.
TEST-20 to row lights red, white, single lamp top row each side flow lights orange and yellow, surface light light orange, focus on strengthening the flow of pale yellow: to row lamp caused excessive background, red top row white light for emphasis, surface light cast soft orange light stage, enhance mobile lighting three-dimensional sense more sense of space. (TEST1-20 comment text from Matsushita Electric works the STAGE & ENTERAINMENTLIGHTING ". [fenye]
Stage lighting light bit of commonly used to want to do a professional stage lighting configurations, the road to learn stage lighting-commonly used light. This is the correct selection and configuration of an important part. 1. surface light: from the top of the front on the stage the audience with light, mainly to people facing lighting and entire basic optical shop dyeing. 2, light: located in Taiwan, inclined to vote on both sides of the estuary to the stage, divided into upper and lower floors, the main secondary surface light, enhancing facial lighting, adding people, scenery of the stereoscopic effect. 3-light (also called lateral light): from the desk of intraoral side cast light, mainly for the character or scene of two side lighting, increase the sense of three-dimensional, contour. 4, top light: from the stage above the stage, from the former to light rear row top light, second row top light, three-row top light ... And so, it is mainly used for general lighting, enhancing the stage stage illumination, and a lot of scenery, props for fixed-point exposure mainly rely on top light to solve the problem. 5, backlighting: since stage inverse direction projection of light (such as roof light, bridge and other reverse irradiation) to sketch out the figures, the King called outlines, enhanced three-dimensional sense and sense, can also be used as a specific light source 6, bridge of light: in the wings from the stage at the flyover, mainly used for secondary column of light, enhancing the stereoscopic effect, but also for other light bit of inconvenience projection of orientation, can also be used as a particular light source. 7, foot light: from the desk of the Board prior to the stage on the projection of light, the main secondary surface lighting and eliminate surface light, high exposure of facial and jaw of the shadow. 8, heaven and Earth-light: from the sky above and below into the sky light, mainly used for sky lighting and color changes. 9, mobile light: located on the wings of light shelves, light main auxiliary bridge, complementing the wings of light or other specific light. 10, chasing the light: since the auditorium or other location need light, mainly used for tracking performers or highlight a particular light, and host, is the art of close-up of the stage, to face the Dragon finishing touch.

【 Weak current college 】 selection stage lamp wire

Because the wire improper selection luminaire for damage, caused by the fire accidents. Some because of the lack of this knowledge, while others are cutting corners, and construction units is the use of poor quality wire rod. This article on this knowledge. We all know that the wire lamps are of two categories: one category is controlled mainly DMX512 signal line, the other one is the current type, mainly lamps of conductive cable. The former type — controls the type of wire, we mainly on wire diameter, insulation and shielding layer. With the wire length increase in diameter to rough, generally not less than 0.2 square mm, it is best to 0.4 square millimetres above the shield to the dense, generally not less than 128 network, such as the control signal loss, also effective in shielding the foreign interference signal, as the number of shielding lead to three core, General, four-core. The latter type — current-carrying wire, according to the lighting power, conversion into operating current, then depending on the wire, check the corresponding Select current carrying capacity. As a result of a variety of wire of various specifications, carring and diameter of the load flow is not the same, from the schedule we found some laws: a wire with insulation layer, protective layer increases, the current downward trend; the second is the increase in the number of cores, but also the current downward trend. Third, with the core cross section area increases, its cross-sectional area containing flow downward trend. With these three, together with our project estimation: on summary per mm2 cross section area, the current values for the cross-sectional area of 10 times. For example, the conductor cross-sectional area of 1 square millimeter, its current of 10 amperes, combined with the preceding three rules to make an adjustment, then have a 30% ~ 50% margin, lamp work long hours are considered to be safe. Here, three-phase electric current per phase is the lamp of total powerdivided by 220 divided by 3, namely every phase current. In addition, those who concealed walk bridges, canals, you can use the single hard wire (BV) or single-core soft (BVR line) or multicore flexible cable (RVV), to activities of wire, cable, general use wire diameter, core wire number according to the need to select. Finally, recognition of the quality of the wire is very important. Visually, the copper conductor line looks new bright, soft moderate quality is better, the color is dark, excellent, too soft, not on the thickness of wire rod, wire diameter, don't listen to vendors, field take, or compare is the actual value, because the market most wire diameter are not standard values.

【 Weak current College 】 film and stage lighting control system design (1)

Lighting control system is safe and reliable, this is troubling film and stage lighting Division of one of the lighting equipment manufacturers in tackling one of the important issues. United Kingdom siquande lighting company (StrandLighting) pioneered in compliance with the requirements of the security system, this article is the ShowNet network digital lighting control system for an introduction.
Use value and application of the vision
As a lighting system of command centers, the lighting control system, reliable or not, have a direct impact on the applications of lighting effects. To ensure that lighting control technology, except use foolproof mature, stable and reliable lighting products, scientific and rational design of backup control system also is critical. In recent years, the major professional lighting manufacturers in order to resolve the problem, the backup control has implemented a number of programme design.
One of the most advanced model that combines two features the same dimming platform in the same control room at the same time, signal output preferred when dashboard failure, then through the Deputy Controller to control it. Since the primary and standby joins between the console without mutual learning function, usually performed before light control is indexed in the primary, backup, Taichung, this waste of resources, and does not meet the best track backup. TVs digital, networked, intelligent wave, promotes professional lighting technologies. Siquande lighting to the world's leading technology, the development Server and ShowNetConfiguration software, ShowNet network system. The system uses the networked digital dimming technology, console Strand550i (or 530i, 520i, 300 series lighting desk, etc.), and backup sets Strand510i (or 530i, 520i, 310i, etc.) through the network of distributor and network nodes, and dimming Silicon Cabinet connection into a digital lighting control network. ShowNet network digital dimming system is technically protected lighting control DMX signal output reliability and consistency. Its characteristics are reflected in:
(1) the use of network technology that provides remote control and technical support, and allows the lighting designer desktop design PC networking.
(2) between the console on the network and learn from each other, each backup. Backup to network architectures and the console is connected to, and use the full-track backup mode on the dashboard to learn that two dimming platform parallel processing, either on the press, another that learning; when the primary and standby control console in any computer failure, another will be transferred to follow up the output.
(3) through the network communication interface and dimming standing Cabinet ReporterPC software, the operator can lighting control room through PC or console screen, track lighting system instant information and work status, so the loop lamp for monitoring.
(4) through the network node can set up the PC, the designers of the azimuth (DesignerPosition), remote control, your controller (ShowControler), etc., resulting in points control, more control, portable remote control or control.
(5) network system stability, programming, hardware structure does not change, you can use the software to achieve system upgrade. ShowNet system uses the TCP/IP Protocol, and other mining TCP/IP systems share lines to reduce costs, and better compatibility.