【 Weak current College 】 professional audio engineering design, construction and debugging---Power By 【 China power house network 】

First, the preamble 1, professional audio engineering features professional audio works with the development of the society, the cultural life of the people's material, thereby forming on theatrical performances, entertainment in the form of a continual requirements gradually developed for emerging industries. Usually the so-called professional audio works mainly include professional stage sound lighting system, practical sound lights video systems, commercial broadcasting conference system, a system of workers. Specifically in engineering technology, it set construction, electronics, electrical technology, includes acoustic, optical, audio, video, theory of a comprehensive engineering technology. It requires that contractors according to the actual needs of users with different, careful study, for the full integration of the designers of the design thinking, careful design and construction; also get architectural decoration, electric power supply sector closely to complete. Visible, the significance of the professional sound engineering is important, the importance of engineering and technology is also very prominent. A sound, light, like the effects of the project, which must be a strong technical force, management norms of engineering companies seriously hard work; on the contrary, an absence of strict, normative, scientific design and construction of the project, its systems and equipment stability would be imagined. Especially now professional audio engineering industry is not normalized, various company yihongershang, professional engineering technology is especially significant. For the professional audio engineers create a good atmosphere, this article from the standpoint of practical engineering, according to the actual implementation of the program, in the design, selection, installation, detailed explanations, the aim is to adopt a series of technical presentations, as undertake professional audio engineering and technical work of the technicians out a set of specifications, rational and scientific focus on design and construction technology, while studying engineering technology to provide a very useful information. In addition, we have a large number of combined with professional audio engineering design and construction cases and experiences, so we are in learning more intuitive understanding, avoid similar errors. I hope everyone in practical engineering continue to sum up, in engineering technology gain and improve. 2, professional audio engineering of the technical terms and related criteria in learning professional audio engineering technology first, you must know the technical term and related countries and industry standards, professional design and construction to achieve targeted, quality of the works to be fully guaranteed. Further, all and works of professional standards and terminology is the basis for engineering work is the basis for the design and construction and the reference, is the Center. Here are some must conscientiously study the understanding of terms and standards. Sound pressure level: refers to the actual sound pressure and base pressure ratio of 20 times the number, the unit is DB. This is a mathematical expression. Its importance lies in the fact that all the vocal sound system, all the acoustic quality sound reinforcement in place, you will need to have these indicators, in calculation and design behind it or in a calculation. Reverberation time: means a stable sound signal suddenly interrupted, the Auditorium of the sound pressure level drops the time it takes to 60dB, units are seconds. It's a mathematical expression is as follows. You can see, the reverberation time is and architectural decoration of structures and materials closely related parameters. In a real project, the reverberation time is the Auditorium building acoustic effect of important research indicators. Power: the means to reach sound reinforcement system designs rated sound reinforcement, amplification of sound pressure level required by the device, unit of the rated power is tile. This parameter is the actual sound regulation and not very important, but the sound system design and selection, it is the acoustic indicators in electro-acoustic parameters directly reflect on, and it is related to the project's final cost, it is also particularly important. In general engineering, it mainly depend on the speaker's power to reflect. GB GB-3947, is a professional acoustics terminology explained: GB GB-4959, auditoria characteristics of measurement; GYJ-25, auditoria system for acoustic performance indicators. They are two important national standards, almost all of the engineering in the design, construction, acceptance is required as a basis; GB GB/T14218-93, is electronic dimming equipment performance parameters and measurement methods; SJ2112-82, auditoria system equipment optimization electrical connection of the Internet. The two standard in equipment selection and engineering test acceptance can play an important role.
Above, we introduced several in engineering design and construction of critical standards for terminology and describing much more simple, hope you follow this as a reference, use the relevant books on these terms and standards for comprehensive learning, careful analysis to understand, and use them as the basis for engineering and technology. In addition, there are other content, due to limited space no longer describes here. 3 professional audio engineering steps we had on the nature of professional sound engineering have a rough understanding, but specifically in practical work, professional sound engineering is? since professional audio engineering integrated strong, high technical requirements, then on the problem of understanding can help us further understand professional audio project help this work will also focus on engineering and technology learning will have a clear idea. Professional audio engineering of the most important partis the engineering design work, identify project tasks at the same time, you must quickly and related architectural decoration, electric power supply departments engaged in interior architecture and decoration scheme, power supply, and then combined with the consensus to user's actual need to develop an overall plan. When this plan was approved by them to carry out specific design work. In the design of a big collection of relevant information, in conjunction with the specific circumstances of the project, in architectural acoustics, electrical power for detailed calculations, and according to the results of the calculation made appropriate and feasible solutions. The user and the relevant cooperation unit for the design of recognition, you can follow the design and master planning for equipment selection, equipment selection involves engineering of ultimate quality and economic interests of the company, so this is the more important work. In the design of the programme is confirmed, as laying pipelines, welding installation frame, some necessary preliminary work should alsoTo proceed, with the construction decoration, sound engineering construction difficulty may be growing. Once the raw material ready to order the equipment in place, while at the other end of the construction project, the sound engineering construction should be in full swing. Engineering construction directly determine professional audio engineering design of success, so the construction work is a serious and responsible work of the spirit, only when the design ideas and targets of the faithful reflection of the quality of the final project will be guaranteed. Finally the system debugging, for engineering design and construction are in theory and external conditions for normal work of the system made the necessary preparations, real system equipment operating in the construction of the device after the conclusion of the comprehensive and detailed adjustment, the purpose is to enable the devicein a particular environment, in the corresponding system the best performance, and ultimately have the system coordinated to achieve optimal results. 2. engineering design 1, engineering planning because of the type of sound engineering, there are very specific to the stage, for entertainment, there are specific to enterprises and institutions a wide variety of uses, there are specific to the commercial radio and background music, specifically for large meetings, etc. Often even in determining the type and principles, the same design, the same cost, the final project results are also great disparities, project planning is very important. The so-called planning is based on the user's actual needs and use environment, combined with the cost of the project, the project type determines the final, and must be in the future of design, selection, construction make it. This requires that the plan is realistic, feasible, or whether it is planning or design and construction may be a failure.
In planning must first master works of end use and the specific needs, for example: users want to build a specialized use as a meeting of the project, then we should be based on specific environmental and engineering costs, engineering schematics, describes a project in the final result, together with works that conflict with the overall number of building structure and layout of rectification on and ask for their approval; for instance, the user needs to build a project similar to the Auditorium, but the field of environmental conditions and actual needs and in the true sense of the auditorium are inconsistent, or that it is difficult to form, and there is no need to build the type of project, then you should detail to help users analyze together a workable and reasonable programmes, for example the final formation of a Hall, but also take into account such as performances, entertainment and other purposes multi-purpose hall, which is conducive to design and facilitate the user's actual use. In short, the project planning as in the works before you begin, make a location for it, in respect of user views and practical needs of the premise, it is necessary according to the experience of the Project Designer to the associated units provide some reference, this is not only the engineering design and construction can be well-supported, better meet the real needs so that customer satisfaction, but also the works in progress can get more help and support. 2. overall design if the project planning is to establish a reasonable and feasible project location, project's overall design is in the planning, the designers of the formation of a comprehensive design programme. Although the overall programme of content might in the future specific design should also be carefully again, but as a necessary step in the overall design-time or to consider necessary in order to be able and relevant departments to coordinate the design for the back. Next, we will in the overall design of some important aspects of rough explanation. Auditorium building acoustics requirements — the vast majority of professional audio works are carried out in the room, room of the senses, in addition to some important specifically designed for sound design of the building, most of the buildings in the layout and structure are not considered acoustic requirements. However, sound engineering in architectural acoustics and very important, we can go to a rigorous scientific experience in the design of the building, its reasonable acoustic structure and good sound diffusion and dissemination of results, enables you to get the beauty, the same sound amplifying devices run here, of course, will give full play to its exquisite sound quality; and an absence of acoustical design of sound engineering, regardless of whether it owns what luxury equipment, its acoustic effect is not very good. Visible, the Auditorium of the architectural acoustic design is a very important, but also very meaningful work, its role would be more effective. Although the general norms of audio engineering to make the necessary sound field design, but due to the constraints, relatively its effectiveness is not with the construction decoration of acoustic design compared with the earlier stage. Particularly in the implementation of the acoustic effects and processing, the architectural decoration engineering than reproducing works much easier. Therefore, we emphasize here that the purpose of the acoustic requirements, is the hope in the overall design is timely, as soon as possible to and building design and construction units, they engage in acoustic effect design assistance, feasibility, generally includes both structural and decorative. First, the structure. Auditorium of the overall structure of the first to avoid standing wave generation, this requires the halls of the length, width and height ratio to science, in General, you can choose the following percentage of the table, in order to better achieve sound diffusion and light cast, halls and containers should be sufficient guarantee; Secondly, the need to avoid the narrow curved walls, parallel effect of smooth structure of sound diffusion; Furthermore it is necessary to pay attention to the location of the control room, to facilitate site operation and observation, the attention of considering construction lay line, strictly avoid a very small space and field quarantined or control room. Second, decoration, decoration, the primary consideration is the decoration of artistic problem, but in the overall design of sound engineering, requirements on certain impact sound light decoration scheme to carry out the necessary limit. First requires the selection of decorative materials in strict accordance with the results of the acoustic calculations, at the same time to avoid using hollow or solid material support or structure; second, to take into account the overall tone of the decoration to and the use of sound engineering, visually to bring the light of the shapes, patterns and colors.
As for other requirements, we in the sound field design, specific explanation. R > equipment positioning — because of professional audio lighting and video systems are many kinds of equipment, usage, and in specific performance is also distinct from and all the works of the final overall style, and effects are needed to reflect on the device, so it must be in the overall design of the device location. It includes the device level, type, various types of equipment investment ratio and various equipment forming system, the system's structure and composition, the purpose is to ensure that the design requirements and user needs, try to make the equipment of good performance, easy operation, system equipment and give full play to their performance, below we briefly on equipment positioning. First is the device of grades, in limited investment premise, but also to ensure that design and actual needs, improve the quality of the device is the only way to do this equipment streamlining operation and fault conditions are better, but also to avoid the pursuit of high quality equipment and equipment is idle and not have the performance to play; and second, the device type, device type and project planning and overall style is closely related to, be sure to distinguish between the specific purpose of all devices, from different types of devices in the same system work, such as: recording of the sound mixer configuration for no reason, in the entertainment arena DISCO Hall of some effect lamps cannot be placed in the standards arena; Moreover it is the ratio of the various types of equipment, literally: in certain investment range, sound, lighting and video-assisted devices occupy the respective proportions. Determine the proportion of significance lies: the right equipment investment proportion in certain project location, reasonable distribution of the investment to make sound, lighting and video systems are wellsuited to each other; while the proportion of an imbalance can cause device classes, performance gaps. The last is positioning system equipment required composition, i.e. the need to form a sort of a system. This is especially critical, only when device positioning generally design a system device basic building, followed by the design and selection will be based, and the system of the equipment composition will directly affect the quality and performance of works. Specifically it is to decide what is required in the system, don't need a device, the device needs to form what type of system. If the overall design of the orientation of the device determines is not good, will directly influence the selection of equipment, that choice may start. Of course, the device's location contains more of the factors, and subjectivity, often with the designer's experience and preferences with larger relationships, so in this step, you'd better ask you experienced technicians, or read more information about the product. Engineering safety rationality as well as the impact on the environment — as is the overall design, so must the project of various factors to consider, decide whether the specification is reasonable, whether to stand the test of the project safety and environmental impact. These security including: building structures in sound engineering load is security, power distribution, power and the whether the security track laying; environmental impacts include: the influence of peripheral units, on the effect of the surrounding inhabitants live. These elements must be considered in the overall design, and in accordance with the relevant regulations submitted to the approval of the relevant departments in the engineering acceptance and checking, may vary due to fire, electrical safety, environmental noise problems and not qualified. In short, in the overall design phase we have integrated many factors, combined with the planning and the user's actual needs, to develop aworkable seriously the overall design scheme, the scheme does not necessarily require very specific, but must be practicable and reasonable with significance, only in this way we work is targeted, the design and construction will be targeted. 3 sound field design a professional audio works of important work is the sound field design, works for the ultimate quality, sound field design is also a key point. The purpose of sound field design lies: the use of scientific computing do guidance, for audio equipment to build an ideal sound space, the device performance fully. In a small number of strict construction decoration and design, generally to make the necessary sound field design, but in order to standardize and follow the steps for professional audio engineering work, eliminate any irrational factors, for the following other design guidance, it is necessary to conduct sound field design, here's a step by step.
Sound processing-this is the sound field design is the first step, but also many technicians easy to ignore the steps. The purpose of sound insulation is in a specific area within the creation of a project are not subject to external influence or impact on the outside of the quiet sound field. It includes external sound reinforcement of sound insulation, sound insulation between rooms, soundproof walls, are part of the Windows and doors and ceiling. First of all to look at and outside noise, this task is not to let outside noise incoming indoor or indoor voice to the outside. This work, it is necessary for building design and construction units to the architectural structure of the consultation of sound insulation, further you can learn more about the environmental sector. The concrete implementation, outside noise transmission such as indoor Interior you can to control the total noise is usually higher for practical sound engineering requirements in the following 35-40dB; indoor voice to the outside world can look on the outside of the environmental impact, in accordance with the provisions of the environmental sector, generally not higher than the average 10-15dB for good. Practical engineering needs to address parts of the walls, doors and Windows and is ceiling several places. Usually the Auditorium and the outside of the wall most can meet general sound engineering, but if the sound system of the sound pressure level is relatively large, working time more at night, you should let the construction sector to consider increasing the thickness of the walls; Windows and doors is an important part of sound insulation, often a small window to improper handling, resulting in the sound insulation failed, general attention to: 1. try not to let the door gap, experiencing frequent switching and indoor and outdoor sound are relatively large, you might consider setting the sound isolation channel structure, this is it. 2. to increase the window structure and material thickness, if necessary, you can use leather door and double-glazed Windows. 3. If the sound effects need better hang on doors and Windows, in the heavy curtains and shutters are more economically viable way. The sound insulation of the ceiling is also not be neglected, especiallyThe roof is not a concrete structure, instead of using scaffolding structure, the ceiling of acoustic leak is more serious, you need to install the ceiling of the material and the quality is high, if you need to take into account the increase in the ceiling barrier or the ceiling laying versamat approach to meet the requirements of sound insulation. Second is the sound insulation between rooms, its task is to make room in the audio system when mutual interference to a minimum. Although the various standards and regulations on this index is not required, but the quality of the audio engineering has a significant effect. Practical engineering needs to handle parts or walls, doors and Windows and ceiling, but processing requirements different from before. General indoor certain thicknessof the concrete or brick wall acoustic requirements or to be able to meet, it's important to note that some of the extra room dividers, they usually use a simple light steel keel fill a certain amount of fire-absorbing asbestos method, this is for the sound engineering is absolutely not enough, this is the case, you need sound designers to make architectural decoration units, for example, the solution can be used following this increase casing solutions. But for high power bass of isolation is not used to resolve the thick brick wall; sound insulation of doors and Windows are not ignored, particularly pay attention to the quality of the production of doors and Windows, because a lot of sound interference are derived from the poor quality of doors and Windows of the slit, of course, necessary, or you can consider using hanging curtains and shutters approach to sound; sound insulation of the ceiling in the room sound insulation between rooms, but more importantly, we can look at this common casino room layout diagram, you can find the Hall ceiling above space is at the top of the surrounding box is connected, so that in the Hall for entertainment or performance, we have an impact on the balcony, it must be sound on the ceiling. Generally speaking we can lobby ceiling and balcony at the top of the add another layer of sound-absorbing panels for insulating layers, or in the ceiling on coverage of certain thickness of fire protection sound absorbing mineral wool for sound insulation. On-site noise reduction — in most practical professional audio engineering, air conditioning and ventilation, are some of the equipment to be installed, these devices work noise will to a certain extent affect the quality of the sound field, so there should be at design time for a solution. Air conditioning and ventilation equipment is the best choice for low noise, stable product, as far as possible, so that when you install air conditioning compressor away from doors and Windows, fan power a loud noise is difficult to control, you can use the fan installed in the duct inner structure, as shown in the following figure. Sound field uniformity of realization – sound field uniformity of requirements throughout the public areas, the average sound pressure value deviation to a small extent, General requirements in the following 10-12dB, otherwise it will cause uneven sound field, reflected on the local sound pressure, some local and small, to feel very bad. In a real project in architectural structure and sound system layout for acoustic field uniformity. In building structures, should be avoided as far as sound reinforcement area larger column, avoid large concave-shaped structure, building decoration, to try to make the entire range of decorative structure and basic materials, particularly given the limited funds, walls with cement la hair structure is a good way to achieve sound field uniformity, of course, if you would like a decorative design as computed by the concert for a variety of different diffuser, save money and be able to achieve very good results; the layout of the audio system can be largely solved sound field uneven, in General, long narrow Hall sound reinforcement must sound reinforcement area to expand along the long side, as shown in the following figure, space higher sound reinforcement occasions where you want to try the speakers, preferably slightly raised to the slant, after field as shown in the figure below, if you are in space and space is a large place for sound reinforcement, they should consider speaker set arc formation hoisted into uniform sound diffusion, as shown in the following figure. Visible sound system layout can solve sound field does not have the problem, if strict sound field, you can also use sound box manufacturers to provide sound field design software for simulation and remediation, of course, the best approach or in the construction of architectural decoration design as far as possible, so that when the sound field with uniform.
Avoid sound field flaw — in many audio engineering have varying degrees of sound field flaw, audio highlights, audio chatter, audio feedback, voice resonance, these issues are brought to the acoustic field flaw, and these defects caused by problems in the practical use is very difficult to resolve. For example, the acoustic field feedback and resonance occurs on the system does not work. Effectively address them, the best time is in the design and construction of architectural decoration. Usually we can consider the following aspects, 1. try not to sound reinforcement locale large glossy concave structure, including the roof and walls, particularly on the stage to taboo, if compelled, in front of the concave side hung heavy cord or placed objects, this sound is not likely to occur in focus, 2. try not to sound pressure larger area set two parallel reflection strong walls, especially when the sound reinforcement area Strip also to note that this can effectively avoid shaking the fibrillation, 3. General comparison as long as the sound field, there is no sound focused evenly, not sound reinforcement-gain sound feedback when you are not likely to occur, we can also take advantage of the system layout and Equalizer Spectrum Analyzer to correct, so that actual use is even not happen acoustic feedback, 4. voices of resonance and decoration material and construction are closely related, it is important to avoid sound reinforcement locale larger cavity volume, certain requirements for special decoration technology of reasonable, don't let loose material connection, such as: gypsum ceiling if not pad is installed in the aluminum frame, a major public address sound pressure, prone to resonance, particularly the low-frequency signal resonant certainly occurs frequently. Calculation of the reverberation time — all the acoustic field specification, the most familiar is the reverberation time, it is also easier to control in the design of the measurements. If the design of control correctly, a sound field effect performance is outstanding, the sound will be mellow, full, not excessively bureaucratic, not dry. Reverberation time control of the key is: use the appropriate calculation, guiding the setting of decorative structure and material selection, so you can reach the reverberation time target value. OnTo different types of sound engineering, reverberation time requirements vary with the type of project, different sound field size, the reverberation time indicators differ in design we can refer to the chart below to determine the value of the reverberation time, it is based on project type and the size of the volume of sound reinforcement area to the given the reverberation time, close to the recommended value range, sound field will achieve better results. Here also should be noted that: there is now a lot of designers will set the value of the reverberation time is smaller, then use the device in the reverb to increase sound reverberation time, doing so not only does produce youmei natural reverberation effect, and to some extent undermined the original recording signals in a direct-to-acoustic signal is not desirable. General engineering calculation formulas are used in the following two formulas below is the contents of a various parameters, in general we can 500Hz and two local computing 1000Hz acoustic reverberation time. We evaluated all the on-site materials broadly identified and statistics better their respective area, from the construction manuals or product brochures, respectively, to access their 500Hz and sound absorption coefficient of 1000Hz, you can calculate the average of the acoustic field sound absorption coefficient, area, volume, sound energy coefficient and the average absorption coefficient calculation takes the field at the time of 1000Hz 500Hz and reverberation time, if the calculation results and recommended reverberation time values are relatively large gap, and decorative units toreduce or replace a consultation with some materials, and then evaluated until satisfactory, in calculations must be building materials of the area and the sound absorption coefficient statistics correctly, especially some perforated acoustic Board, perforation rate disparities of different sound absorption coefficient, to influence the final result is also larger. In addition, performed works, the calculation of the reverberation time also the empty field, and the audience applause of all time.
Sound pressure level of computing — the sound pressure level is a professional audio system, an important indicator, a reasonable scientific sound pressure level of the sound field effect, equipment selection, actual operations have a significant role, but also for making good listening environment created good conditions. The sound pressure level calculated before, also have to determine an appropriate environment suitable reference sound pressure level, and the reference sound pressure level and the project type also has a close contact. Determine baseline sound pressure level, but also look at the normal human auditory sense curve, we can find in different frequency, people on the same sound pressure level of perception of sound is not the same, this perception in professionally known as loudness, unit is Phono, with this measure of value, we can according to actual project type, according to their frequency of sound reinforcement signal characteristics, you can determine a suitable reference sound pressure level. Usually for music playback-based system, take the 85-90dB, for consisting mainly of sound reinforcement system can take 70-80dB, plus 12-18dB peak levels, plus 1-3dB of environmental noise margin, you can get an average rating of listening location sound pressure level. The sound pressure level is the system you want to average listening distance needed to achieve the sound pressure level, then the sound pressure level and how to convert to the device itselfrated sound pressure? this requires a sound propagation of sound pressure level change map, we can see, we require that the average distance from the listening of sound pressure level in this position, but the device itself rated sound pressure level is here, when you need to calculate a formula for this kind of sound pressure level, so that finally the sound pressure level calculated is speaker at its premises needs met by 1m sound pressure level, it is followed by electrical calculations and equipment selection basis. Through sound field design we can find: professional audio engineering of the sound field design content more results on project quality, equipment selection and system of work is very important. Specific needs in the design, construction and decoration elements involved or more, some still in close contact, visible sound engineering in the design of the start of construction or decoration unit needs to be closely coordinated with, so we need to get help as soon as possible, as soon as possible in the design, so as to achieve better results.