Weak current College】 【understanding dance halls of lighting knowledge.

People's Republic of China Ministry of culture issued two standard "song and dance halls of acoustic characteristics of sound reinforcement system indicators and measurement methods" (WH01-93), "dance halls of lighting and light pollution qualified standards" (WH0201-94). As the dance halls were graded and other mandatory regulations of the management and measurement of song and dance halls for acceptance. In the next two years will have to gradually transform of song and dance halls in order to meet the requirements of the standard. In addition, the "urban regional environmental noise standards" (GB3096-82) and "civil building design specifications" sound insulation (GBJ118-88) also provides for the level of noise allowed dance hall. Therefore, for song and dance halls in space environment as the normative requirements, but top most of the actual results show dance hall from the above standard requirements vary considerably, which not only affects the use effect, more will have an impact on business management, organization effectiveness. This article will talk about some problems.

1, ways of thinking:

Dance Hall is a high level of comprehensive cultural products, it is a hierarchical system in which every subsystem consists of elements that are crossed into the network, that is, the elements and the relationship between the handover between the subsystems of the structure; to use the architectural art of Interior design of the technology and techniques to optimize stability, to produce an overall effect of the system. Sound reinforcement systems, architectural acoustics, lighting, Interior technology, etc. are as systems engineering elements of the dance halls and an integral part of the subsystem. They are at different level cross, twine, have different characteristics, contradictory. It must be on elements and make careful analysis, the subsystem carefully in order to unravel their crossover network nodes, the contradictions, the overall effect, meet the requirements of the regulations. Acoustical design should provide a better sound field, to give full play to the amplification system and device performance and to provide sound-absorbing materials and components of practices and layout and interior design provides space for the creation of the embryo; also for the lighting system provides good illumination conditions, its artistic effect, is the basis of dance art image. The same interior design provide for speakers suitable location and tuning of the workplace, but also to create a unified technical, sound beautiful environment of the Organizer. However, in practice often fragmented, disparate, design alone; sound reinforcement system designers think that as long as there is a good device and system design, will have good acoustics; acoustical designers only consider how to ensure that meet the requirements of the reverberation time, provide acoustic design of materials and components; interior designers think that scientists don't know art, creating a camera, the final provision that the beauty of space to the scientific and technical personnel, let them put in this space and the equipment for processing; accordingly the science and technology personnel who do not understand the architecture, but ignored. As everyone knows, the respective allows the optimization of the system itself, it does not mean that the overall optimization, and often had a negative effect of the contrary. Therefore, song and dance halls of various designers should be aware of the dance hall is a systematic project, sound reinforcement systems, architectural acoustics, lighting, interior design, etc, but the system in a subsystem. As a sound reinforcement system designers should keep the technology and the arts as a body of knowledge, more should be a way of thinking, to a higher level of exploration of technology and art to create a wide variety of cutting is both science and art of the overall effect in order to obtain good acoustics.

2. sound field:

The difference of acoustic changyuan dance hall in the theatre, the Auditorium of the greatest features to make the following three points: first, it has a large area of the smooth surface of the floor, is a powerful acoustic reflector; and second, the dance floor at the top of the ceiling lamp, it set a lot of dancing technical equipment performing arts lighting, lighting, sound, video, etc. Thus the dance floor is Visual, auditory, that is the heart of the song and dance halls; the third is the dance floor and a stage together in the same space, the composition of space (sound field) represented the singing sound characteristics: the volume, due to its sound level and the 6 95dB ~ 10dB margin of disco music, play the sound pressure level, and should be 110dB 10dB margin of the other actors and singers often handheld microphone into dance, make amplification and sound one, easily lead to Whistler, song and dance halls in the complex sound field conditions, its acoustic design is sometimes more difficult than theatre. But also not attract attention, even sound reinforcement system design workers have not given due attention. Room height and long scale is directly affect the sound field and bad conditions, when its proportion fit, room resonance frequency distribution, "acoustic" usually pushed as for the "golden rule", i.e. 0.618: 1: 1.618. well known "golden rule" is also one of the beauty of the Hall, but also to architecture and art, a "homogenous" scientific meaning refers to certain objects from the outside looks very different, but its internal structure, consisting of or its composition in the form of contact between things are the same, there can be mutual transformation through a transform, 0.618 ("golden rule") that is, they transform the ratio of a numeric-key is the height, the height of the dance hall should be 5 meters above the sea level, is the lack of room in the low-frequency of resonance, affect the tone within the Office; in addition the dance floor is installed at the top of the scaffolding and performing lighting luminaire efficacy and dance to a group of speakers and video equipment, so there is a gate frame height, the height of the top grid, and should definitely be good to get good exposure to the angle of illumination art effects and appropriate voice coverage; because the floor surface of strong reflection on the Hall effect sound great, must be in the top grid frame upper cascade arrangement sufficient thickness of sound-absorbing material, so the height of the Office and its scale is decided Hall acoustics and lighting of the important factors in the space. If the Office is limited and does not meet this proportion, then at least to keep the dance floor and stage the enclosure of empty tone can meet this proportion.

Avoid circular surface and two parallel surfaces, they can produce quality defects, in particular in the surface with a glossy or hard materials as decorative, more emphasis on its harmfulness, if from modeling requirements must adopt, should this surface for acoustic processing

3. processing:

Song and dance halls in decorative additionTo get beautiful visual effects to achieve standards. The reverberation time is a function of volume, the General can have 1 seconds. Now the dance halls in majority use a lot of carpet, or is made with decorative fabric, its internal placement mianshi plastic or fine glass wool, the so-called "soft-pack". This approach will enable high-frequency bands of sound absorption, the high frequency of the reverberation time is short, so the sound brightness within the Office, clarity, not gorgeous and no color. There are a large number of practices in five topical sanheban or plywood sheathing, generally with a small nail consolidation; and some also in its external and covered with a layer of "soft-pack", this approach makes the Hall of low frequency sound is absorbed, so that the large room of the sound become hard, non-elastic, uneven. In the absence of rigorous acoustic design, Hall of sound-absorbing materials and components of a single, leading to a frequency of sound absorbing too much distortion, so that is uses room equalizer to adjust, and adjusting the process often appear to have nothing to go on top, resulting in the sound of the point frequency "and" bad transmission frequency effect is very poor driver of luminance, layered is very poor, not soft.

4. vibration and noise reduction:

Set the stage, whatever combination speaker speakers or subwoofer speakers are placed in the structure of the ground or placed in sturdy bracket (bass speaker should be placed on the floor); and the suspension bracket and the speakers should be securely, Fulcrum cannot produce vibration, this will make the sound quality deterioration, wood decorative practices often due to the construction does not notice that the nail is not strong, produce plate vibration noise; lighting hanger consider not week also produces 40 ~ 80 Hertz frequency resonance. This kind of vibration and noise in the room Equalizer debugging, appear in the spectrum, the highest peak of perceptions. Voice weakened Summit disappears; but not linearly, so it is very difficult to debug. KTV rooms between the Hall between and and should not cause interference, including top gate and wall of total capacity for the sound insulation, can be used around 60dB 24 brick wall or double 100mm aerated concrete block; double-layer gypsum board (2 * 12mm) dual-joist, hollow 50mm within rock wool, but not of sound Bridge; all partitions are connected with the floor should be can't have gaps; currently a lot of song and dance halls in sound bad, mostly because of the wall and the floor is not connected, the ceiling.

5. control room

Control room is the dance halls and rooms of the sound, video and lighting control center. Due to the increasing complexity and number of devices increases, so the operator can also continue to increase, and therefore control room area should not be less than 20 square meters, and its location should be in front of the stage, the operator can observe directly see and hear the stage and dance performances.

The Ministry of culture of the "business of entertainment management approach" and the two industry standard highlighted light acoustic technology requirements must meet the standards.

Optics: light system consists of power switchgear (Board), the stream tube dimming cabinet (essay), dimming console, lighting controller, basic lighting-lighting, special effects lighting, performances and sound signal luminaires.

(A) basic lighting-optimized common incandescent lamp (mostly downlight), fluorescent lamps, lamps, gas lamps, halogen lamps, neon and candlelight, etc., they are the overall style of the interior design of the form.

(Ii) effect light lamps in a class for the rotation of the lamp, the luminaire and light column and beam spot of exercise can produce strong buzz, this kind of lamp with cosmic light, multi-head shell lamp, multilayer to go light, much to the flying saucer lamp, Lotus lamps, etc. The second category as photosource mirror motion lamps, most can be voice, its spot jump or rotary can and charm of music's consistent produce artistic effects and atmosphere. These lamps have the lamp light scanning laser white illusion, Devil, stars, Moon Star lights and some single light source consisting of multiple mirror effect lighting.

(3) special effect lighting-optimized such lamps have a strobe light, UV lamp, laser effect light, computer, music fountain, etc. To increase special, gorgeous glamorous effects.

(4) performance-optimized with lighting as stage performances, the same as with stage, should have the appropriate number of surface light, light, light of light and back to the top; you can use the medium of the downlight, spotlight, spotlight, soft light lights and chase the light.

(5) the requirements for optimized lamps should call distribution, spot can cover the floor. Light color changes and moving to music, dance, song and dance halls of style and artistic effects of whole services.

Various lighting group should meet the rhythm of a wide range of music, each song (each dance) are required to have 1 ~ 3 effect lighting or special effects lighting produces 1 ~ 3 kind of harmonious changes and movement. Its rhythm and tone should be a piece of content. Strobe light for disco, each successive not more than 2 piece; UV tube should always-open and close, in the light intensity to meet the standards of every night exposure time should not exceed 1 hour.

Illumination: performance area greater than 100Lux, spontaneous area greater than 20Lux, ornamental rest area greater than 5Lux, various channel than 10Lux, when in actual use, you can Dim the dance floor (floor area) is greater than the other district 6Lux shall not be lower than 6Lux, package box shall not be less than 3Lux. Strobe light of strobe frequency should be less than 6 Jesus should not generally laser shooting at the human body, particularly the eye.

Acoustic system: dance halls acoustics system is composed of the microphone (natural sound sources) are affected by sound field and speaker sound field and sound reinforcement device. Sound reinforcement-field direct relations to hear the voice frequency characteristics of sound field distribution uniformity and produce sound interference, and other acoustic characteristics index or bad; sound field effect of maximum can cause acoustic feedback (whistling), severely reducing audio gain; whereas these two sound field by architectural acoustics and the decoration project of formation, which is determined by the interior design, interior design and dance halls to fully demonstrate its specific features and functionality. Good reasonable Architectural Acoustics design is singing the basic meaning of Interior design, but also do a basic sound reinforcement system and dance hall. Therefore, the design, and dance hallConstruction (including indoor decoration, architectural acoustics and sound reinforcement system and lighting systems) is not appropriate to some technical strength, no scientific instruments of the entity or individual design and construction.

Sound amplification equipment consists of:

(A) the microphone in the high-end dynamic microphone can be used for performance, mid-range or simple can be used for karaoke. Band or Orchestra violin, piano or drum instruments can use capacitor microphone. In order to reduce the cable trouble you can use the wireless microphone. It is a dynamic microphone with radiotherapy, pocket-sized for electret-microphone plus radiotherapy, its specification than the same grade cable fax device is slightly lower.

(2) the main function of a mixer it is to come from a variety of sources (microphone, CD player, LD audio seats, etc.), various kinds of electroacoustic music (electric piano, synthesizers, electric guitar, bass guitar, etc.), various peripheral equipment of audio signal according to the requirements for the handling of mix; on road acoustic signal for a certain amount of retouching, compensation; press requirements will sound signal into group output. General dance halls available 8 ~ 16-channel mixer, a band you can choose the way more. Mixer specifications and debug a direct relationship to sound quality and noise.

(3) Equalizer as correcting indoor itself resonance characteristics of uneven and frequency of defects and the frequency of sound amplifying devices produce distortion (mainly speakers, microphone, etc), the modification of musical instruments and performers of sound effects, enhancing the performing arts. Analogue Equalizer is analog (AMPS), much more for the diagram type, as the room compensation, general use only one-time adjustment. Digital equalizer using computer technology, you can predict storage more equilibrium dynamic spectrum and dynamic curves, the most used in the cosmetic tone or mobile use of performing groups, so do not use the dance hall.

(4) compression/limiter-optimized in a large, important dance halls, especially disco should use, allows the system to not overload that does not produce excessive distortion.

(5) effects can compensate for the lack of Interior natural reverberation, modification of timbre and manufacture of special effects. Multifunctional effects can store large amounts of voice processing procedures, on noise signal delay, reverb, ECHO, chorus, Ensemble, incentive, balanced, left and right channels of redistribution, and other processing. Reverb, delay and is also one of the effects.

(6) sound actuators it is pitch pitch-based and produce higher harmonic sound-processing equipment. Place in the human voice disorder can greatly improve the sound of penetrating, the singer to sing or play an audio tape when you can increase the effect, play the CD can not, in serious music sites is prohibited. (7) electronic divider when sound reinforcement system requirements is relatively high, generally do not use the whole band speaker box (combined speaker enclosure), instead of using electronic dividers, the sound signal frequency, respectively into high, medium, low three power amplifier, then respectively promote high, medium, low voice from the speaker box (sometimes divided into high [], low two frequency bands.

(8) power amplifier it is weak signals for voltage and current (power) zoom in direct drive speakers, because it is a high-power output devices, load and is dominated by inductively, inappropriate use of speakers tend to fail, in order to ensure a consistent sound reinforcement of believe, main power amplifier preferably of the same brand, it is close to the sound recording, so as not to produce electromagnetic interference.

(9) speaker is public final important link, the electric power signal to sound signal, so also is the key link, song and dance halls in use throughout the band (from bass to treble) of two or three frequency combinations speaker box. When the impedance, the general power amplifier rated power equivalent to choose speakers rated power of 1.5 ~ 2 times should be the main speaker box also should use the same grade, so as not to sound like chaos.