【 Weak current College 】 room decoration ([tenth article] chats isolation)---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Years, where enthusiasts, or to set himself up as enthusiasts for their listening environment for some processing to improve listening conditions, and it was beautiful. So someone in the wall hanging tapestries, in the corner on two SOUND TUBE. There are also some bought some expensive SONEX left on the right. While some will buy some "Seahorse" sponge cushion (of course cheaper!) but they can come up with similar results. There are some more, like the author did a decade ago, up to a big heap Sheng eggs used in the paper card, then put them on different colors, and then in the walls, ceiling, a stick, the effect is quite good. There is also a friend listen to me, at home in a different location, drop a few pots of plants, if you get sound good, other family members of acceptance will be high. Well, this is basically all initiatives, has played the role of tuning, at the most, could only be sound-absorbing effect and never played the role of sound insulation. Why say? this is a lot of enthusiasts of illusion, we all thought that since the sound absorption, it is not far away? but cruel reality is this: sound absorbing went just people of wishful thinking, Yes, the above initiatives, to really suck? quot; a bit of "sound, but the amount of absorption and the remaining comparison, it is negligible. 　　Strictly speaking absorb sound is the sound of the sound energy is transformed into another energy (usually the heat), in the listening room, if referring to absorb the energy of the sound, the engineer would smile and say, this can be ignored. But if you are a serious enthusiasts, noise may have on you have a deeper meaning. In the professional recording and Kam-listen to the occasion, the sound is a very important issue, which also has many universities to ask. Here I give a simple example, when we listen to music with headphones in view, in addition to the acoustic field outside of this pointer, you will find, regardless of the frequency domain, or transient, dynamic, slender degrees etc music can easily outperforms our House speaker. 　　Both why different? it involve a lot of reasons, but one that is both noise conditions are very large. We generally at home listening to the HiFi and sound pressure maintained generally some 90 to 102 dB, and then a loud family or neighbors would complain. Here, on the one hand, the acoustic pressure Universitys, near 110dB is general domestic ceiling in this range of equipment is very prone to tiredness, but on the other hand, as listening to rhymes, but once a long time exposure to high sound pressure, our ears is able to bear pressure limits, so our auditory sensitivity, such as analytical capabilities will become dull. In General, urban home, their environmental noise is not low, there is also a minimum of approximately 40dB, as in Hong Kong this bustling and densely populated, even more than this number. Thus we see that if we listen to music at home, and sound pressure is maintained at the neighbors can accept 100dB, minus the noise level (Noise Platform), so the remaining 40dB available only on dynamic 60dB. Generally speaking there are available on dynamic 60dB has been pretty good, only equipment, in particular the speaker, in the limit is often inaccurate, then we will feel the sound is very good. If you want to improve on the dynamic, such as increased to 65dB, sound pressure CAP will have to have, then equipment 105dB nonlinear distortion will be expanding exponentially increment, but your hearing at 105dB down more than wonderful, both together and you will feel annoying noises. Here, the wise readers might have thought, why not put the noise level down?, if the noise level reduction of 35dB, 5dB, namely maintaining 100dB sound pressure on the ceiling, are dynamic, and above 65dB 105dB, equipment and our sense of hearing and not in a State of fatigue, so listen to the sound quality will be better than at 40dB maximum noise level and acoustic pressure at 105dB with an order of magnitude improvement. Readers are also very clear in that case the sound will be better. 　　To reduce the noise level, will have to turn to the sound. We know that on this planet, sound transmission is essentially in the air. So there is no air vacuum everything will become silent. A reader would disagree, because in his system, Dolby Digital 5.1 Star Wars appreciation of the law when it is the ground shakes. Sorry, you cheated to film. 　　The real star wars, only silently in silence. To sound, simply, is to cut off the path of the sound transmission. This reason simple and easy to understand, but you'll have done well, it's not easy. 　　Now that sounds by air conduction of sound, to prime condition is to listen to the sound of the indoor air and outside air cut off, in other words it is the listening room sealed up. Split air conditioners should try to install a larger number of horse, this machine long-term in slow case able to cope with, because of the mechanical noise will also be less, on the other hand to maintain the listening room fresh air supply, air conditioners of cooling capacity even bigger. We have to note that general window type air conditioner has a fresh air supply equipment, but there is no split of the equipment that is more generally they didn't think so too, so for the sake of your health

【 Weak current College 】 5.1 surround sound room process design---Power By 【 China power house network 】

China national radio at the end of 2004 the concert started recording control room renovation project, stereo audio control room for surround sound audio control room, the room was put into use. Was responsible for organizing the implementation of the reconstruction works of the author about surround sound audio control room technology design, equipment selection, summarized, is expected to carry out surround sound technology peers provide reference.

China National Radio Music Hall audio control room was mainly used for recording stereo programs, to meet the surround program recording needs, Taiwan's decision will be adapted to produce surround programmes, while compatible stereo broadcasts of audio control room.

General design considerations

Currently 5.1 surround sound audio control room in one of the few, the design information for reference. We designed the main consideration in several areas:
1. process to ITU-RBS.775-1 standard as a basis for design.
2. acoustic meets the recording control room acoustics technology requirements such as the reverberation time in RT60 = 0.3?. 1s (63Hz ~ 8kHz), room noise not higher than NR-20, etc.
3. function: large Orchestra of surround sound pick-up, multi-track recording, surround sound mixing and mastering coarctation of production; recording large organ surround sound music; throughout the recording process for digital signal storage and handling; surround sound and stereo compatible and on the same program for surround sound and stereo real-time comparison; real-time monitoring of concert hall farm, with convenient internal communication and communication functionality; audio control room, sound amplifying equipment room, master room and audio repositories can exchange data (analog and digital); the use of lifting the handset, Rod floor type microphone stand and high quality micro capacitor microphone recording large Orchestra and stage performances, the effect in ensure the recording of that performance visuals; the engine room, the audio signals sent to the adjacent surround hearing room to listen; this room, the audio signals sent to concert venue for listening and monitoring; multiple remote sessions; receive cable TV signal, and so on.
According to the above, we use the entire system is divided into the control room inside and outside the engine room control (i.e. Concert Hall Interior) in two parts.

Internal process design Hall

Control room design is divided into the outside process technology electric box and microphone.
Process design of electrical boxes
In the Concert Hall stage at the front, middle and back side of the left, the set of three to box, divided into technology-powered box, return to the send box and microphone cartridge, a total of six group. Each group of five microphone jack, two electrical outlet boxes and two way to send output. Besides rig also on both sides of the mouth with a AV socket box to provide foreign TV signal of replay and conventional Studio Studio monitor, so you can conduct the concert hall sound source playback and remote TV network meeting.
Microphone point design
The internal microphone Music Hall is divided into two parts of the stage and hanging, optionally add a wireless microphone.
(1) hanging microphone section
Considering hanging microphone distances, signal power by farm lighting, and other factors, the hanging microphone microphone within the roof line to metal tube closed and be a good grounding to minimize interference. At the microphone amplifier section moved to the roof, the microphone pickup weak signal-in-place zooming and encoded into digital multi-channel serial code stream (i.e. the MADI signal), through two 75 Ω coaxial cable back to the control room. MADI signal transmission distance of coaxial cable to the theory, practical rejection line 50m length 40m, has guaranteed the hanging microphone signal transmission quality. The phone box of MADI cable can be used in its 56 channel last channel mixer on the microphone of the control signal to enable the microphone level, interface and phantom-powered remote control. Lifting the receiver point according to the modern Orchestra concert seating location hanging. In order to meet the practical microphone pickup of different needs, in the band in front of a line-shaped hanging directional microphones, as AB pickup standard primary microphone; in addition, the command behind hanging famous DECCA Tree microphone arrays; also prepared a set of ATMOS5.1 surround microphone, as the single point of surround sound pickup.
AB standard microphone forms, mainly to take into account the standard stereo audio AB in the sense of space and the fusion of comparative advantages. Reservations-microphone recording form AB, on the one hand, you can continue to maintain a system of recording mode AB merits; on the other hand, the various recording format structure, you can use it as a supplement to the main and auxiliary microphone. DECCA Tree microphone array is tested, for DECCA company parties spoke highly of pickup standard, has been focus of research experts, in its basic structure of the T-word derived from a variety of audio format, you need to be selected on the basis of the actual situation. The hanging of the main microphone arm is still uses the T-Word microphone arm, but the difference is in the low 6 only installed on the handset: the front is a pair of stereo microphone, MS system with a panoramic view of the stage; distance side pickup 0.5m install two forward-shaped capacitor microphone, as the surround reverb source; in front of the T-Word gallows side installation and Center angle of about 135?, heart-shaped capacitor microphone as surround sound reverberation source in the rear. T words gallows used ultra-fine wires and through a rocker arm movements, if you are picking up the regular stereo sound source that can be easily replaced by DECCA Tree recording standard or large AB, AB, MS, ORTF format, etc. ATMOS5.1 surround microphone pickup system originates from Germany r surround sound preamplifier for analog circuit design, can provide today all surround sound audio system. It uses a fixed microphone "great" font face, through cable and accessory microphone preamplifier. The microphone amplifier using motor control of electric central control knob to gain control, you can ensure that only the microphone gain 5 synchronous adjustment, you can also directly in the microphone amplifier for surround microphone gain adjustment,Busbar distribution and output, audio-visual e-broadening, subwoofer signal extraction and conditioning, surround sound and stereo conversion and listening, and so on, for field records, the disadvantage is that the recording scene needs a microphone stand and other equipment.
The front of the main microphone stand is located in the middle of the stage 4 only microphone can use dedicated hanging shelf with XY or ORTF format into two stereo microphone to pick up the band deep voice. The hanging racks directly using the phone line for hanging in the microphone line end winding fine wire, to control the receiver to the pitch angle. Chorus above set 4 heart-shaped microphone, override the choir voices. In lifting the handset set point, the use of inadequate stage microphones.
Distance from the stage above the swimming 5m 5m, set at the edge of a set of four heart-shaped or 8 font microphone composition of surround sound background pickup microphone, microphone toward the wall on both sides for the concert hall, used to pick up directly to the sound outside the reflections and mixed sound.
(2) the stage microphone section
Stage microphone signal and not delivered directly to a mixer with microphone-amplifier, but through shielded metal pipe back into your room, then through the control room of Canon jumper frame jump received microphone amplifier input. The advantage is that you can flexibly jump stage microphone access ports to facilitate uniform planning, to troubleshooting; easy MIDI instrument to control desk for the shortest distance to access sound mixer, to improve the transmission signal to noise ratio.
(3) wireless microphone section
8-channel wireless microphone receiver directly installed in the recording control desk behind, as in the following field tests, the received signal stability is good, that you do not have to install an external receiving antenna.
All the microphone settings and sound mixer channel delay and sound like Locator, you can achieve accurate positioning of the sound source, avoid obvious echo phenomenon.

Control room design of internal processes and functions

Regional settings and major equipment distribution
Concert control room internal is divided into production areas, areas and equipment cabin. Production area to recording, listening to the circumference, 5.1 constitute control room inside the core of the recording. Control desk is located in the recording back, as a signal to the center of intersection, and Director of platform. In addition to the mixer amplifier, host, host, and so has the effect of fan noise device placement in small rooms, almost all of the tape recorder, amplifier, etc., are all installed in the control table and desk, sound mixer ear for ease of operation and maintenance, and repair work, all devices of analog and digital audio signals to/received in line to the jumper on the disc, and then by jumper up complete mixer and audio signals switch between devices.
Speaker settings
In order to achieve 5.1 surround sound recording and listening, indoor acoustics and sound settings with reference to the standard, ITU-RBS.775-1 adopts five DYNAUDIOM3 za, a sub-woofer. Taking into account the needs of future expansion, set aside another bass speaker locations. 5 only listens to the sound of the bottom margin is set to high, so that speakers of 1m high frequency units on some points (sitting) recording of the ears (about 1.2m). 5 only speakers and a sub-woofer all point to the recording of the seat, and recording the distance of the seat, as all take 2.9m embedded installation, this can prevent comb ponders the wave effect, extend the scope of listening, but also makes space compact. In view of this concert hall was mainly as a classical music recording, we have adopted a standard surround speaker (i.e. the angle and the center of the angle of 120. ) To install.
Sound mixer settings
This concert hall with full digital audio mixing console Neve, specifically to: physical faders 30 road; audio interface total 36-channel analog input for stage microphones, wireless microphones, recorders, and effects equipment analog line outputs; 32-channel analog output for device simulation line input, control room monitor, audio content, such as returning to send; 24 channels of AES/EBU digital input/output for digital input/output; two on the MADI input/output interfaces for one 56 road Pyramix audio workstations and ceiling 24-channel microphone interface box MIOS interface. In addition to the MADI and listen on the interface, all digital and analog interface and control desk for the jumper is attached to the disc. Mixer while only 30 road physical faders, but can carry a total of 4 levels of 120-channel faders, hierarchical control set to respectively: channel level (such as microphone input channel) control, tape recorder level (such as multitrack tape return channel of) control, auxiliary channel (AUX primary output channel) control and external device channel (such as a tape recorder and auxiliary equipment of the return signal) control, etc.
Jumper wheel design
My desk concert control room is Switchcraft96 road, jumper, total use 4: simulation of the two, number one, concert halls and an external (Ministry of sound reinforcement machine room, master, hearing rooms, library, etc.) signal switching a; the upper part of each of 48 holes set to signal to the hole, lower 48 holes set to signal to the hole, and analog and digital signals to cable received 48 holes on, corresponding to the line received under 48 holes (i.e. 49 ~ 96 holes). Considering the continuity of digital signal processing, in the normal working hours to device digital input/output for the main audio link, so that all digital signal input/output via jumper up to constant Tung are exchanged in the form. Adopted in the form of atmospheric fluxes can save significant jumper, if required, then use jumper jump to signal. In the jumper on also sets and cable hole, you need to extend digital or analog signal output port. Will DVD players and set-top box audio interface is arranged in jumper up to provide TV signal source and meet the Watch works. 4 jumper disk as the exchange of internal and external signals, control operations, the hearing room, sound amplifying equipment room repositories to/to set the line to standby. For future expansion, in preparation for the Concert Hall of wiring, pre-Internet network cables, and sound reinforcement signal switching of cable computer room and network cables, and database connectivity cable, and can be used with ISDN audio signal transmission 3 rootTelephone cables.
Recorder selection
In the disc recording media popularity today, to the workstation as the main body of records forms become mainstream. For the master tape recorders, we use a PC-based workstation Pyramix. Make this choice, the fact is taken into account for this workstation is compatible with today's almost all audio formats, and include the Apple platform, PC-based platform for data exchange on various workstations; you can use the MADI interface, a coaxial cable can transmit 56 channels of digital signals, the wiring on cost-effective; powerful, cost-effective, easy-to-upgrade; reduction in recording, mixing is done, you can output a variety of formats of audio data into a portable hard drive or burn into CD data.
In order to be able and available to various recording carriers supporting the use of the control room is also equipped with a DSD 8 track tape machine, DAT recorders, laser recording/playback, cassette recorders, MD recorders, and surround sound DVD, etc.
Effects of matching
As the surround and stereo compatible control room, the effects should also meet production surround sound and stereo needs with analog and digital specialty interface. We choose to add surround sound reverberation of TCM6000 as main effects, it can achieve a variety of room conditions surround reverb incentive, you can surround material master post-processing, mono or stereo surround sound conversion and noise reduction, dynamic processing, and so on. In addition, you select a Lexicon of PCM-91/81, Rainbow of Thai DSP7500 etc effects as secondary producers of equipment.
Monitoring equipment considerations
In order to master the concert hall farm, we introduced two high definition plasma TV as a control room monitoring unit of functionality. From on-site monitoring camera's video signal, digital set-top box TV signal, the signal of a dual-head video card and a DVD player all the received signal, plasma color TV with remote, you can freely switch screen can be found in the image overlay video source for picture-in-picture effects, you can do 4 picture while monitoring.
Surround sound box arrangements in care of the human ear height, also is the vision of the person, it will be on two plasma TV mounted on top of the front speakers, overlooking the rear corner main care Director area perspective. Workstation's main screen using another desktop LCD displays, so that recording can focus on the work of the recorder, plasma color TV interface can provide Station mixing console interface and multitrack digital signal level meter display, both practical and beautiful.
Concert hall room renovation complete, invited several industry experts carried out the actual evaluation, and conducted a Germany played organ experts surround sound audio experiments, from actual use, the room is highly convenient and ideal acoustic effects, surround sound positioning accuracy significantly, recording is very good, experts from Germany and the famous recording.

【 Weak current College 】 line array speakers and its interior application-----Power By 【 China power house network 】

1 Introduction because line array speakers have a level of coverage of uniform, vertical point to strong, radiation area sound energy attenuation is small, a few very useful features, many sound reinforcement areas is gradually replacing the traditional speaker array. For in the same place at the same volume of sound reinforcement, line array loudspeaker system may be smaller, more portable, easier lifting. Line array speakers can also be combined with venue specific shapes, it is appropriate for hanging, aiming and bending, to most of the audience to provide outstanding sound performance. Now the brand speaker manufacturers the line array speakers, its design principles, drive unit combinations, dimension structures are different. In this author to waveguide design point of view on the typical brand's line array speakers are analysed, hope to deepen our understanding of it. 2 line array speakers talking about 2.1 line array is not a line source line sound source is from a distance equal to the drive. The initial application of embryonic form in the 19th century in the 1960s, initially to raise in reverberation Auditorium language definition. Line sound source application is based on its very small vertical point to point. If the vertical from 0 degrees, this is what we call "cylindrical wave". Whenever sound source distance double cylindrical wave of energy will decay 3dB, however sound source distance doubled "spherical wave" energy will decay 6dB [1]. However constitute line sound source has two essential criteria: 1, the linear length at least for the radiation wavelength of 4 times, this can guarantee its vertically to wave a near-plane wave. 2, and the previous conditions contrary to the requirements of adjacent speakers distance between the unit Center is less than half wavelength. Olsoni in 1840s projections out two distance less than 1/4 wavelength of nearby radiation with phase ball graphics. In 1/4 wavelength and 1/2 wavelength between is not appear side-lobe (i.e. Deputy Maxima, such interference wave are often destructive interference cause), the phenomenon will continue until the spacing is greater than 1/2 wavelength. This in practice means that only very long line array to the low frequency band meets line sound source works, while only using a very small diameter speaker unit to achieve at a high frequency of coupling. But in reality, most of the actual line array with line sound source works replay band of not more than one octaves. So the line array can hardly be considered a line source. 2.2 line array of the actual work of outstanding ability line array is that it can from the front to the back of the Auditorium provides a consistent and uniform coverage of sound pressure. Its back to the front from the sound pressure level is almost always the same. To the reasons, first of all let us review some general trumpet and compressed drive design example of sound reinforcement systems. Horizontal array use speakers in design time its spherical radiation waveform compressed into a pie-shaped, such as 60 ° x40 °, 90 ° x40 ° or other similar in design to make it on the grounds of sound reinforcement provides good coverage. If the directional override small area, through the speakers of radiation at the last row, spindle-6dB decay corner at front row to be consistent and uniform coverage of sound pressure. If hanging points high enough, you can pass a fixed position and angle of the speaker, makes the first row to the trumpet's range for the last row to the trumpet's range of half. At this point, the trumpet itself on its radiation angle of discrete control can be a good balance between all this, so that the front and rear yard consistently uniform coverage and effectiveness of sound pressure. If architects are able to add a public build of universal fit, barrel of radiation characteristics, and regional small enough, then a speaker is able to override the audience area on each side, so we would not need line array. Of course, the venue size, shape of diversity that is not possible. Line array than ordinary single speaker sound pressure output many 18 to 24dB, and its vertical links to available by way of bending the array to accommodate the different venues of sound reinforcement. It's like the appropriate fixed traditions, drum speaker locations and angles in the same manner, the correct curved line array to the same audience area release the same sound power. This means that when you're offline array nearer, its each speaker module radiation angle should be larger, so the array from top to bottom box between the angle should be gradually increased. So, for most sites, in order to back from the front row to have a consistent sound pressure cover, array shapes are generally similar to "J" type [4]. 　　2.3 line array loudspeaker module functional requirements when we combine line sound source coupled acoustic requirements as well as the "J"-the benefits of the practical application of line array loudspeaker module, design goal becomes clear. 　　● Full band of replay. 　　● Unique drive select and body design, requirements in its crossover point following cone drive between the center distance is less than 1/2 wavelength. 　　● For unit between the center distance is greater than 1/2 wavelength part which require waveguide delivers straight or very narrow vertical (< 10 °). 　　• To produce a continuous wave fronts, waveguide height exporter must not be less than the height of the loudspeaker module 80%. 　　• Allow the output power of premise with a minimal size and weight. 　　• Simple, fast, secure and reliable hanging pieces. 　　• Simple, fast, clear lines and signal routing process. ● Matching array design software can easily set up the array of length, position, point to the direction, bending angle. 　　At the same time, the site provides the correct cover relationship forecast. • Specify bands (the human ear can hear domain) for the use of multiple units, unit horizontal distance between the small possible to replay band provides continuous radiation. 2.4 line array loudspeaker module of the waveguide design for line array loudspeaker module, the most important thing is to resolve the middle and high frequency wave front coupling problems. In the past decade, many new waveguide technology, by changing the line array of radian adjustable line array output of roughly grouped into the following four types: Ribbon treble, trumpet, acoustic reflector, lens. (1) Zoster treble will compress drive round export number equal division, after a couple of length of the path reaches the waveguideExport. A typical high output with treble approximately 6 inches (0.15m) high, not exceeding 4.5kHz range meets line sound source working conditions. Over the frequency, regardless of the side-lobe. (As shown in Figure 1) typical representative brand MeyerSound Electro-Voice, etc.
Figure 1: Ribbon treble (2), barrel, container can provide continuous vertical coverage, but it should be noted that application of the restrictions in the geometry. Put the gradient circular exports to a square, its theoretical basis for export to the path difference maximum of λ/8 that approximate the in-phase. Therefore, the tube diameter and depth must have a good ratio. At the same time for a 12-inch (0.3m) cone of line array module will require more than one compressed drive and the trumpet is installed in approximately 14 inches (0.36m) high box in order to reduce the distance between the adjacent cell, as far as possible, consistent with the line sound source works. (As shown in Figure 2) typical representative brand JBL, Martin, etc.
Figure 2: the trumpet (3) acoustic mirror reflection wave guide has already been applied for decades, but mainly in the microwave area, but in recent years have also been introduced into the audio. It is because the wavelength of microwave and Sonic has homosexual. For example, the velocity of sound waves 13.76kHz approximately 344 m/s, wavelength 0.25 m. The speed of light of microwave 12GHz 300,000 km/sec, wavelength similarly 0.25 m. Neither the microwave or sound, mirror work to "radiation" mode: due to the impact energy of short wavelength, all the energy is reflected. Acoustic reflector parabolic reflector finish passed the compressed drive to trumpet the waveform changes, export that design should be noted that his "radiotherapy" model of effective band range, low band due to longer wavelengths, when encountering obstacles, will generate refraction or diffraction, rather than reflection. (As shown in Figure 3) typical representative brand with NEXO, OUTLINE, etc.
Figure 3: acoustic mirror
(4) lens and mirror similar, in recent decades lens is applied to the control of microwave and acoustics. There are two major types: barrier-type and length of the refraction. Obstacles-it works just like a glass lens focus light, similar to the lens, the baffle (also known as phase plug for spherical, disc, tape or other irregular shapes, for as long as it relates to frequency, size small enough) when sound after it will reduce the speed of sound. A barrier-type lens is different depending on its shape can produce sound focus, sound diffusion or plane wave. Online array system is plane wave. For this type of lens, must be in a specific band to select the specific material. Above a certain band, material absorbs sound energy into thermal energy and kinetic energy. Below a certain band, Sonic will be accessible through. Of course, these frequency for individual materials is very special. A typical representative of brands have L-Acoustics, ADAMSON, etc.
Disorders of lens length refraction-a disc-shaped barrier Board (compared with the wavelength, the interval of space size small), strengthening the transmission of sound to a greater distance. The need for refraction Sonic, baffle can be a "z" shape placed or simple skew. Isometric refractive lens can be generated within the wide-range of plane wave. When the higher frequency through, it is a "bundle" effect. When wavelength longer lens "wavy" effect, and then wait long refractive lens like the close spacing of diffraction trough-like effect. A typical representative of brands have Renkus-Heinz, etc.
Isometric refractive lens all borrowed from microwave research waveform control technology for producing sustained high-frequency wave fronts are very Figure 7 isometric refractive lens useful. Because the spread angle is independent and drive to waveguide export path length and the geometry of the trumpet. Using acoustic mirror or lens waveguide technology line array speakers are able to 4-6 octaves frequency bands good control of diffusion angles. 2.5 "J"-shape array of sound pressure level and frequency response from waveguide to direct radiating cone drive crossover point following the "J"-shape array causes the main lobe is tilted down and extended low-frequency range, but this is only an approximate results. In waveguides operating frequency bands, their proliferation perspective of discrete control more accurate. Direct output waveguide and a "J"-shape array of bending shape, able to produce an excellent close to sustained, coherent wave fronts, and be able to keep it from front to rear output consistency. Theory and practice has proved that for a shorter line array, then field of sound will appear to be thin, because the high frequency band than the low frequency band will become much more prominent and consistent. And for a longer line array often contrary, low frequency directivity stronger, mostly point to the top of the seat area, and "J"-shape array tilt angle and sound reinforcement effectiveness irrelevant [4]. 3 line-array loudspeakers for indoor applications as mentioned earlier, because the line array speakers have several characteristics in recent years has been the development and application of energetically, particularly in the field of outdoor mobile sound reinforcement has become a mainstream product. But in the Interior in particular large gymnasium, Auditorium, due to financial constraints or lack of knowledge, its promotion is subject to certain restrictions. I passed on line array speakers compared with traditional speakers, according to the interior design of the indicator electroacoustic, summarized the points line array speakers in the advantages of indoor use (see below), you want to be able to deepen readers on its application in the Interior. (1) the room sound field distribution more uniform use of line array loudspeaker directivity factor and its strong links to, you can compensate for the distance increased due to distance the sound pressure level attenuation of the excessive deficit, the room sound field tend to be more uniform. At the same time, the role of the reverberation of the mixed sound can be produced, to the further improvement of sound field uniformity. With this feature you can better meet Interior acoustic characteristics of sound reinforcement system of indicators on the sound field not uniformity requirements. (2) reduce the Auditorium of the reverberation time line array in the Auditorium, makes the Auditorium of the reverberation time shortened. This is because a line array speakersA strong point of the main beam, the spectator can strengthen direct sound energy, reduces the room acoustics, thereby reducing the reverberation time effectively. The following is a brief analysis. In indoor diffusion sound field, its contrast ratio R-defined by the following:

According to the human ear's integral effects, the audience on replay signals feel of the reverberation time (Teff) should meet the following formula:

-Describes the valid on reverberation time and room acoustics is, you can clearly see when contrast ratio increases, Teff is also increasing. By contrast ratio formula, to reduce R, must adopt more directional factor, since the line array speakers have larger Q value, so that the appropriate reducing reverberation time effectively. Especially large stadium long reverberation time generally offset, in order to meet competition and theatrical performance requirements to ensure clarity, the use of line array speakers have a great advantage. (3) improve the entire sound reinforcement system for acoustic gain as we all know, in sound reinforcement system thanks to zooms out from the loudspeakers radiate to the microphone of the sound feedback will cause distortion and whistling. Acoustic feedback seriously affected the entire sound reinforcement systems. Sound feedback for suppressed, increasing the audio gain, in addition to adopting strong directional microphone, have strong links to the use of speakers is also an important aspect. Because the line array speakers with strong vertical directivity, in addition to its effective coverage angle is rapidly decaying sound pressure level, for increasing the audio gain, suppression of acoustic feedback can often be achieved good results. With this feature you can better meet Interior acoustic characteristics of sound reinforcement system of indicators concerning the transmission of gain. Typical Singapore indoor stadium 3.1 was built in 1989, a multifunctional Sports Centre is a circular domed stadium, Nice, accommodation in 12,000. The stadium is Singapore bear various sporting events and performances of core facility. Since the Museum's internal is large, the reverberation time is obviously too long, and there are more serious acoustic echo focused and fibrillation. In September 2005, the Government of Singapore investment of us $ 1,800,000 be transformed to the venue. Total use Renkus-HeinzPN102LA active line array loudspeaker 48 only, four groups, each group of 12 only, set beneath the Central display hanging over the audience. The design takes full advantage of line array speaker level coverage of consistency and super long shot of discrete control, ensure that the entire audience in a consistent sound pressure cover, and guarantee the clarity. The system modification is completed the committed various important events and performances are more than 40, unanimous praise. 4 Summary of theoretical analysis of today's mainstream line array loudspeaker characteristics, mainly waveguide design some differences; at the same time raised itself for line array speakers in indoor use some awareness of the need to help enhance our readers ' understanding of line array loudspeaker.

【 Weak current College 】 HDMI 1.3 FAQs---Power By 【 China power house network 】

Now HD concept has been widely popular, sale of high-definition TV also is equipped with HDMI interface, but we have an HDMI connector is also poorly understood, in addition to being able to provide high-definition video and audio synchronized transmission, believe that not many people can understand some of the practical function of HDMI and real meaning. Currently the latest version of HDMI has been upgraded to version 1.3, what version of HDMI is functionally what improvement? how can we apply the experience and? today we will finish the current HDMI common problems, 13 about HDMI interface, users can look at.

1. q: "dark (DeepColor)" what is the significance of the term? why important?

Dark (DeepColor) feature enables HDTV and other display devices results from millions to billions of colors color, to allow consumers to enjoy the display device on the unprecedented lively colors.

Dark (DeepColor) eliminates on-screen colour banding for smooth tonal transitions between and subtle color variations-rendering more detailed realistic picture (especially in the low brightness). Support greater contrast between black and white color to render more multiples of shades, better color compensation.

HDMI1.3 supported color depth will older versions of the HDMI specification maximum 8-bit resolution up to 10-bit, 12-bit and 16-bit red/green/blue color space.

2. q: is able to get through the computer monitors of dark (DeepColor) results?

Yes, any computer monitors are designed to support HDMI1.3 and include dark (DeepColor), all features. In fact, many computer monitors are equipped with widescreen aspect ratio and resolution of greater than HDTV, and with the PC and CE devices connected CE input devices, can be used as a multimedia display.

From a technical standpoint, the computer monitor not may not support all HDMI features-in fact, in 2007 we expect to see this kind of multimedia monitor.

3. q: When can purchasewith a dark (DeepColor) feature of television?

HDMI, LLC does not understand the use of the manufacturer's production planning cycle. However, we forecast in 2007 (January) of the CES (Consumer Electronics Show) will have many dark (DeepColor) function display devices, and consumer products in the first quarter of 2007.

4. q: ATA and Nvidia display card supports dark (DeepColor) function?

Just as a computer monitor, the computer uses all of the features not HDMI1.3. Computer for a long time been used powerful to be able to display the above resolution and supports 1440p dark (DeepColor) handling of display devices. From a technical point of view, computer graphics card will soon have support for HDMI and dark (DeepColor) feature of the design.

5. q: PlayStation3 when can support DK (DeepColor) show?

Sony company that can render a consumer device unprecedented highest quality video for PlayStation3 will be on sale in November 2006. It was announced that the PS3 support including dark (DeepColor) feature, HDMI1.3 specification.

It is estimated that the November sale of all PS3 HDMI products will adopt and support this feature.

6. q: PlayStation3 game whether to dark (DeepColor) format produced?

And obtained by shooting means fixed resolution movies, video games are rendered through virtual computing, and therefore to any resolution and color depth. In fact, often deal with data hardware functions are usually restricted video game renders. Therefore, it is expected that the PS3 games will be able to fully exploit the capabilities of the hardware to 1080p resolution and dark (DeepColor) display game.

7. q: HDDVD and Blu-ray player is able to support deep color (DeepColor) can occur include when dark (DeepColor) content of HDDVD and Blu-ray disc?

Technically speaking, if the player has the required video processing capabilities, the ability to render the contents of the 10-bit current decoder is ableto render the contents of the dark (DeepColor). At present in the professional environment has been achieved. PS3 in November 2006 after the release will be the market's first support DK (DeepColor) enabled devices.

It is estimated that with the new player starts to render the contents of the 10-bit processing capability, there will be more support for dark (DeepColor) enabled devices. However, in order to enable consumers to make extensive use of this feature, the standards groups will need to define a 10-bit content into a specification.

Currently, the Film Studio is not available for 10-bit color depth. However, the film is greater than 8 bits of the content, in order to play on traditional consumer devices to reduce to the 8-bit color depth. When the player is able to render a 10-bit color depth of content, the movie studios will be able to have the opportunity to author on these devices to play 10-bit color depth.

8. q: what products can support the dark (DeepColor)?

We predict each kind of consumer electronics, personal computers and mobile devices will support DK (DeepColoR) feature. As of November 2006, announced the adoption of dark (DeepColor) technology products have the Sony PS3 and Epson (Epson) front projector projector EMP-TW1000.

In addition, according to Chi Mei Optoelectronics (ChiMeiOptoElectronics) announced that Toshiba (Toshiba) HD-XA2HD-DVD player will support HDMI1.3 and 46 "1440pLCD Panel.

9. q: will what dark (DeepColor) content?

Existing dark (DeepColor) content. Current personal computer to be able to render larger than 8-bit color depth. November 2006 release of Sony PS3 will also be able to generate greater than 8-bit color depth of game content.

In commercial movie content, most movies today are based on the film format recording, conversion and processing can be as dark (DeepColor) content. In addition, many movies are now higher than consumers of home theater equipment is capable of rendering depth number format recording and processing.

10-bit digital playback and HDMI1.3 to playback device and paved the way for media to almost lossless video format rendering digital film and game content, providing consumers with a family in unprecedented visual acuity and fidelity.

10. q: most TV's typical bit deep?

Most televisions have 8-bit color depth--17 million colors. 10-bit color depth with one billion colors. Currently developing various enables TV show 10-bit color depth. For example, some LCD manufacturers have developed through the 8-bit color depth of the LCD Panel to temporarily render high frequency reaches 10-bit Visual experience of electronic products. Other manufacturers on the LCD itself did improve, enable it to render a true 10-bit input.

11. q: dark (DeepColor) technology on the filmmakers who mean?

Today the majority of film production is 10-bit video, and then into the ultimate DVD media format down to 8 bits. HDMI is the new dark-coloured (DeepColor) technology can be 10-bit rich color format remains on the screen.

Filmmakers will identify the consumer's home theater reproduction effect will be closer to the real film effects. Filmmakers will be no need to consider the current technical limitations would undermine their product quality and Visual Arts.

12. q: realization of dark (DeepColor) technology and how cost?

Realization of the dark (DeepColor) effects of the additional costs depend on the equipment and specific equipment technology development. For example, plasma and DLP TV is in its terminal monitor with 10-bit and 12-bit Panel, just very low incremental cost can easily achieve dark (DeepColor) feature. In contrast, since the LCD recently developed a 10-bit Panel, additional costs will be relatively high.

13. q: does the dark (DeepColor) also has other advantages?

Dark (DeepColor) support benefits include:

· To make HDTV and other player results from millions to billions of colors color

· Dark (DeepColor) eliminates on-screen colour banding for smooth tonal transitions between and subtle color variations-rendering more detailed realistic picture

· Support higher contrast

· Rendered shadow increased by four times, normally can raise eight times or more.

【 Weak current College 】 determine speakers need of electric power

Speaker selection and layout is karaoke Hall sound design is an important part of several important acoustic indicators directly related with this.
1. theoretical calculation on Acoustics
OK Karaoke system power main consider sound pressure level and clarity on two factors. We know that in addition to direct sound outside the room, often also overlay because indoor many reflection of mixed sound field. Which mixed the sound field can reduce the room sound field uniformity, of course, at the same time, it will reduce the clarity of the language.
When used without directional sound source (speakers) stimulate the sound field, indoor range sound source distance r Department of sound pressure level:
Lp=Lw＋10lg（1/4πr2＋4/R）（1）
Type: R = Sa/(1-a) called room constants; Lw = 10lgWa + 120 as the source of the sound power level.
S is the overall surface area in the room, and a total for the room of the sound absorption coefficient, Wa for the desired sound source total power.
When directional sound source (speakers) stimulate the sound field, indoor range sound source distance r Department of sound pressure level:
Lp=Lw＋10lg（Q/4πr2＋4/R）（2）
Type: Q for speaker directivity factor, not only with the sound source directivity, also with the sound source position changes;
From (1), (2)-we can see that the room sound field by direct-to-noise (Q/4 r 2 π) and mixed noise (4/R) composed of two parts, with direct access to the square of the sound with the distance attenuation, and inversely proportional to the mixed sound is constant with distance-independent; sound source directivity effect only on the direct sound, mixing sound of little effect.
In the Interior, in order to guarantee a certain degree of clarity, the speaker distance effective service usually limited by the directivity, reverberation time and room size limit. Often take 3 to 4 times of critical distance, namely:
Rmax=（3～4）Dc=（0.3～0.4）（QV/πT）1/2（3）
Obviously, if the requirements in the karaoke Hall from the sound source r Department of sound pressure level LP, you can use (2)-seeking out sources of sound power required: Wa
Wa=1/（Q/4πr2＋4/R）?10（0.1Lp－12）（4）
If the ignore mixed noise could contribute, you can further simplify on-as:
Wa=4πr2/Q?10（0.1Lp－12）（5）
And then depending on the speaker's audio conversion efficiency, you can figure out the speaker's power required:
We=Wa/η（6）
In fact, in a free sound field, if you do not consider the speaker directivity, or (5) and (6)-together, directly by the speakers under type the desired power.
10lgWe=Lp＋20lgr－Lp9（7）
Type: We need for the speaker, the power (in watts)
Lp to specified location (distance speakers r m) on the required sound pressure level, (in DB)
Lp9 is speaker axial sensitivity, that is, it's 1 Watt 1 m condition generated by the sound pressure level, (in dB)
Note: 1) if the speakers are valid service distance less than audience distance sound source maximum distance, you must choose the nature of the more powerful sound source or decrease room reverberation time in order to increase the distance between the speaker and effective service. Of course you can also increase during and after field auxiliary speaker to increase during and after field of sound pressure level and clarity, that is, using a distributed PA system. 2) if the audience from the sound source maximum distance is less than the distance of your speakers effective service, it should be replaced by the actual distance Rmax for calculation.
Let's take an example to illustrate, for example a length, width and height respectively 30 m, 20 m and 5 m Hall, the requirements of the average sound pressure level of 80 DB, if you choose to use directional factor 5, electro-acoustic efficiency of 20 percent of the speaker, try to calculate the required power.
First, let's take a look at the rear to ensure (Rmax = 30 m) with sufficient clarity (allows direct access to sound mixing soundlow 12 DB) allowed in the reverb time. By (2)-you can work out room reverberation time is allowed:
T = 0.09 (Q/4 π r 2) = 0.48 seconds
Obviously, through sound absorption treatment methods to minimize the reverberation time this level is difficult. Then we can consider the nature of the more powerful speakers, or a pair of auxiliary speaker, and let the Lord speaker's service range appropriate to decrease. By calculation, if the nature of the factor of up to 12 other conditions remain unchanged, the reverberation time is allowed for 1.1 seconds. If we adopt the latter programme, called the primary speaker service distance up to 20 m, 10 m then after another on secondary speakers to meet. Clearly, if only the service scope to 20 m and other conditions, allows the reverberation time is 1.1 seconds.
Here we have to point to the sexual factor of 12, services in the range of 30 meters, the average sound pressure level at 80 decibels to calculate the required electric power:
Wa=Q/4πr2?10（0.1Lp－12）=0.0942（W）
We=Wa/η=4.71（W）
At this point the required electric power barely 4.71W! but it's far from simple, because these factors cannot be ignored.
● 1 for disco, powerful music, 80 DB average sound pressure level is far from meeting the requirements of listening. Should generally be to 90 ~ 100 DB sound pressure level.
○ 2 for normal PA systems, up to 10 DB of sound power, shall be considered as minimum requirements, and high-fidelity system you should reach 20 decibels.
The above two factors, the design-time reference sound pressure level must be: 100 to 110 decibels (although actual use is not possible to use, just in the form of an allowance to reserves), then increase to 20 to 30 decibels. From (3)-can be seen, each raising 1 sound pressure0 DB, the required power (or say power) must increase 10 times, the halls of power are required to reach 470 ~ 4700 Watts. Of course for stereo system, it refers to two-channel sum of the desired power.
Although the theory of computation are too complex and cumbersome, in engineering design of practical value, but to draw some conclusions on the us it is a revelation. That is:
• 1 large halls, purely from improving the way although the speaker power can improve the sound pressure level, but not necessarily improve the clarity of the back yard.
○ 2 determine speaker power not only with the size of the room, also with the arrival of the sound pressure level, speakers of points to factors, room reverb intensity, speakers of electro-acoustic efficiency factors.
○ 3 actually speaker power rating in quite a range to meet the needs of use, because the power each doubling of the sound pressure to raise 3 DB, power increase ten-fold, sound pressure is increased by 10 DB.
○ 4 in order to cope with high peak, come into consideration when the speaker power remain necessary power margin is necessary, however, the music of the dynamic range is wide, the average sound pressure level higher than 10 ~ 20 DB peak, there will be 10 to 100 times more power. Use appropriate based on actual need to decrease the volume, loss in sound quality is not great, can significantly reduce costs.
2, project estimation of simple
Actually, we can also take advantage of an easy way to calculate the power required for the speakers, it was largely based on the following two rules:
● 1 without considering the reverberation room and acoustic source directivity and other factors, the sound pressure decreases with distance from the square of the sound source by the inverse of decline, the distance and then doubled the sound pressure level dropped 6 DB.
○ 2 speakers the size of the radiation sound pressure and the input power is proportional to the logarithm, i.e. power each doubled, increasing their sound pressure level 3 DB.
In the speaker's specification, usually gives the sensitivity of this parameter. It is defined as a free sound field, that is, there is no room for various reflections on some distance from the speakers axis 1 metres of the effective sound pressure level and enter the power ratio, i.e.:
Ma=P/W
In the project, we usually use the sensitivity of this parameter using the "backwards" approach to estimate the required power speakers.
For example: If you consider the disco, a strong power output and the necessary power margin, we demand from the speakers 16 metres reaching 107 DB average sound pressure level, then go back on backstepping 1 metres should 107 + 4 × 6 = 131 DB sound pressure level; if the chosen sensitivity 101 DB (1 w, 1 m) speaker, 101 DB increased to a total of 131 DB also require additional 30 DB, its input power must reach 1024 Watts. In fact this power can be two or four speakers to share.
This shows that the speaker's sensitivity is also very important indicators, to achieve the same sound pressure level, if the speakers are the difference between the 3 DB of the sensitivity, the requirements of the difference between the input power is doubled.
There is also a more simple estimation method is also very practical, specific algorithms like this: first, find the interior decoration of the completion of effective volume, only for language amplified speakers room, the required power rating, press 0 per cubic metre. 3 watt average power to calculate; for karaoke Hall, night club, music system, then press 0 per cubic metre. The average power of 5 watts.
Identify the speaker system of power, according to the selected power amplifier output power.
3. determine the power amplifier output power
In principle, speaker of the rated power and power amplifier power rating. For power amplifier, it is only the actual power output and speaker impedance, and speaker of the rated power. Regardless of the speaker of the rated power and power amplifier power rating is the same, the speaker of the rated power of the power amplifier are little affected, just on the speaker's safety or quality. If the speakerinput impedance is too small, you may cause the actual power amplifier output power greater than its rated output power or maximum output, resulting in increased distortion or damaged power amplifier, speaker is not necessarily very safe.
Now we only discuss the impedance matching, how to match the power amplifier and speakers: If speaker impedance to meet the requirements, and rated power and power amplifier rated power small push power is sufficient, sounds, obviously feeling sound when power amplifier power margin, low distortion, especially to low-frequency component of music performance. Then, the power amplifier's rated output power rating than the speakers to the end to how much is good? this depends entirely on our design speaker that remain in power margin, if the selected speaker when its power is adequate allowance, the power amplifier output power greater than 30% of the speaker system, that is, in the course of the speakers and the amplifier is lower than the rated operating conditions. If you selected speaker when its power is less NPSH.of, power amplifier rated power can power rating than the speaker is two to three times, then work the speakers may reach rated State, and the power amplifier is always lower than the rated operating conditions. This is a good match for the performance of the music of peak signal very favorable, but particularly careful in the use of must, otherwise you may damage the speakers.
If the speaker of the rated power is power amplifier rated power, although both can work safely, but often work at power amplifier in the limit State, distortion is large, even sometimes feel that not enough hard drive showed strong bass.

【 Weak current College 】 four new HD display contrast between good and bad---Power By 【 China power house network 】

LCD TV and traditional CRT TV, LCD TV set has many advantages: high quality 1, display, flicker-free; (2) no electromagnetic radiation; 3, picture effects, no deformation is real flat screen displays; 4, screen size scalability. Now the largest LCD screen can be large to 65 inches, smaller but you can use to digital cameras and mobile phones. Its size and weight are many smaller than CRT. 5, high definition, true HDTV results; 6, digital lifestyle, more perfect performance on digital image signals; 7, power consumption of only the CRT television set with an area of 1/10 ~ 1/7.

Relative to the same flat panel TV, PDP TV is a member of the LCD TV, PDP TV, some of the advantages:

1. the service life is longer, PDP monitor's nominal life most 2.5 million ~ 3 000 hours, but are unrecoverable, and LCD monitor's 5, 000 ~ 7.5 million hours (you can replace the backlight tubes recovery) compared to comparable to many;

2. the PDP TV power consumption is lower, less power consumption;

3. the LCD TV as an important industrial fusion 3C products that attract many IT vendors and home appliance manufacturer's participation, will contribute to lowering the cost of the LCD TV will make a big market.



In flat-panel TV family, apart from the LCD, the PDP. PDP, plasma displays, LCD after one of the latest display technology. PDP is "self-luminous" flat display technology. core principle and the principle is similar, fluorescent lamp light in a vacuum glass (i.e. discharge space) injection of the inert gas, then the use of voltage application, so that the gases generated in the application of the discharge and release the ion effect, exposure to UV coated glass tube wall of phosphor, phosphor will be fired out of the visible light, and different phosphor will be fired in different colors in the visible region.

PDP as a self-luminous display technology, without the need for background lighting, LCD monitor's angle and brightness uniformity problems, achieve higher brightness and contrast, while the three primary colors share — a plasma tube-based juice also avoids the convergence problem, you can achieve a very clear image.

From the current level of technology development, PDP screen size has a huge advantage, in January 2004, Samsung announced that it successfully produced 80-inch PDP panels, this 80 inches (1766mm×1128mm) PDP of thickness of only 89mm, standard resolution 1920 × 1080 full high-definition television resolution level. It has 1000nits brightness and contrast of 2000: 1, a change in the past, large PDP brightness and contrast not optimally.

In addition to the brightness, contrast and Visual angle advantage, PDP technology also eliminates LCD technology in response time, and these characteristics are dynamic Visual display of the crucial factors. Therefore, from the current level of technology, PDP display technology in the field of dynamic video displays obvious advantages more, more suitable as a TV or home theater display Terminal. PDP also has a slim, light weight, wide angle (more than 1700), etc., and use of the PDP is fully digital drive way, is the real "digital" TV.

And several other emerging display media, PDP-only as look TV, cannot like LCD, DLP, and LCoS Projection TV as an image source to provide more huge screen. Due to the PDP by millions of light-emitting tube, so power consumption is very large, 42-inch models often power consumption up to 300W and above, the thermal problem is one of the biggest problems, its service life in several emerging display technologies also is the shortest, and — Dan damaged beyond repair. Due to the plasma display is extremely thin on the glass, its surface is fragile, cannot bear much variations in atmospheric pressure, unable to bear the weight of the accident.

Korea's large size PDP Panel production in the world take advantage of the PDP industry, Japan PDP industry although maximum display panel development lag slightly, but in 37 ~ 50-inch PDP product specification is the most complete, PDP manufacturing industry upstream.



LCoS, abbreviation for LiquidCrystalonSilicon, i.e. Silicon LCD, is a new digital imaging technology, the base image is similar to three-chip LCD technology, but using LCoS technology projector its rays not through the LCD Panel, instead of using reflection pattern formation of color images.

It is coated with liquid crystal silicon CMOS integrated circuit chip as reflective LCD substrate, with advanced technology for grinding of flat after plating on aluminium as a mirror, the formation of CMOS substrate, and then set the CMOS substrate and contain transparent electrode on glass substrate lamination, then injected liquid packaging. LCoS will control circuit is placed in the back of the display device, you can increase the light transmission rate, so as to achieve a higher light output and higher resolution.

From a technical perspective, in the emerging display media, PDP's prospects most bleak, there are limitations, but the most promising is the DLP and LCoS. The current technological development, LCoS mature as much as a DLP.

First of all, LCoS display technologies involves several high technology frontier areas, mainly in VLSI design and process technology, LCD related technology, optical engine technology, new optical disc technology, image processing-related technologies, and therefore no one company can learn all the key technologies. The DLP technology is mature, have large numbers of ordinary civilian occupation video area, resolution at 1024 × 768 standard DLP product price is very low, in2048 × 1024 level of DLP has also been able to supply the market, although due to price factors currently mainly used in digital cinema show, but as 4000 × 2000 level of DLP applied to digital cinema show, 2048 × 1024 levels of high definition TV projectors are also available. Secondly, the LCoS high-resolution large-screen high-definition picture quality also cannot be demonstrated, and DLP mature technology far than does. In the LCoS projection systems, optical engine, mechanical structure, systems, circuits and LCoS chip itself of any defects that affect the display of the image. Third, LCoS micro monitor development and production is not a uniform standards, industry chain has not yet fully formed, new technology, industrialization, joint processing, technical programme changes, etc., makes the LCoS system of low-cost advantages have not reflected. Although in theory in the resolution, brightness, and other functions that match case, three chip LCoS projection system cost can be less than the single-chip DLP projection system price, but the distance there is the long way to go.

In the emerging display technologies, can be clearly divided into two camps, PDP and LCD is a technology direction, focusing on the display itself. DLP and LCoS represents another direction, they jumped out of the development of the display shows the frame of the media, based on the micro-chip manufacturing techniques, technology and cost clearly and it is not in a hierarchy. Therefore in PDP and LCD to Korea, Japan and China Taiwan three times, United States of TI DLP is unique to the company it is not surprising, after all, in the field of chip manufacturer or United States. At present, there are dozens of companies in the positive development of LCoS micro-display technology, but only Sony, JVC, Philips and Hitachi have a small amount of product launch.

As with DLP, LCoS on large-screen high-definition TV market with unlimited potential, while at the same time as the LCoS micro monitor small size, low power consumption, easy for low-temperature stabilization, in various military helmet-mounted display aspects can replace earlier miniature CRT. In the field of near-eye monitor, has a unique advantage. Near eyes monitor is a special application orientation and market, target products including HMD HMD, mobile video, wireless network Terminal, wearable computer monitors, etc. In the military, medical, entertainment and other fields, LCoS technology monitor potential of micro-content will form all types of portable high definition display technology core.

Other emerging display technologies Outlook

OLED, which is the light-emitting diode, also called by many manufacturers, Sony OEL is called organic EL. OLED is called next generation flat panel display technology, now 2 inch or so of the finished product has already begun in digital cameras and mobile phones and other products are applied, but wants to launch a TV area, as well as mature consumer goods for some way to go.

OLED TVs don't need LCD TV required light source with high definition plasma TV, but thinner, even the screen can be made up of thick volume 1mm. This kind of TV materials cheaper, you can use plastic, polyester film or film as substrate, and do not need light source, the future price must be less than the plasma TV and LCD TV.

Currently, Sanyo has produced using OLED screen cell phone; Sony has also been developing OLED TV, announced that it will launch in 2005 13 inches or so sample. In 2003, China's Taiwan region IETECH company successful production of the 20-inch OLED display, allow people to see the OLED area in the large-screen display.

FED, field emission display technology, but also by many manufacturers optimistic about the future of a large-screen display technology, is a relatively long history but progress is relatively slow display technology. As early as 1928 field emission theory put forward by the electrode until 1968 only started a field emission electrodes applied to monitor research, 1991, the first FED monitor product from a company in France.

The technical principle is similar to the display of the CRT by cathodic electrons hit screens from the River. Just FED in the cathode ray tube is Catholic field emission array, sothe plane in place of the monitor by plane cathode and fluorescent display of two parts, realizing a graphic display. FED to achieve a flat panel display of the light structure, but has inherited the CRT's high performance, you can achieve high brightness and high response speed, true-color, wide vision, while avoiding the CRT of electromagnetic radiation and x-ray radiation.

In 2002, Samsung has developed a 32-inch FED Panel, the same year was showcased-Mae e-40 inch FED Panel, 2003 Motorola successfully developed using carbon nanotube FED Panel, in addition to the already published 15 inch samples to intensify the trial 30-inch product, in the production of more than 30-inch large-size panel modules, compared with LCD Panel, you can reduce the cost of approximately 30%, the FED has also started a big-screen application process.

GLV display system, namely, "the conductor-light valve" imaging system, is a new high precision electro-optical modulator. Development by the United States, because of the CLM company financial distress in 2000 and transferred to Sony. GLV conductor-light valve is relying on static electric driven micro-mechanical components, on the incident light intensity and reflection direction control devices that belong to the "computer electronic system". GLV is a linear array-type silicon chip device that can only produce a vertical array of pixel, you want to become a graphic image also rely on optical scanning methods. TV image how many vertical pixels by GLV linear device number of pixels, Sony of GLV is 1080 pixels into vertical column of the screen device. Will this group through 1080 GLV grating laser belt with optical Prism horizontal rotation is projected onto the screen,Can form a 1920 × 1080 high-definition television images.

The number of horizontal pixels by grating the TV signal lines of pixels. GLV each chip has a length of 20 μ m, a width of 5 μ m. GLV grating modulator structure is relatively simple, using different projection light path, you can make up the difference with the plasma TV thickness not large rear projection television, can also be made of orthography device, but for now this technology is still at the experimental stage.

Emerging TV will disappear by the the nouns

In the emerging display media, many of the concepts or even disappear, in CRT TV publicity for some businesses continued hype, some enthusiasts revel in the the nouns, will no longer exist.

Progressive scan: this term is a CRT TV's proprietary nouns, LCD, PDP, DLP, or LCoS these emerging display media, image transmission and display is the whole image, not the so-called line structure.

Magnetization: is the concept of CRT TV exclusive, LCD, PDP, DLP, or LCoS, don't have to worry about the magnetized.

Geomagnetic correction: for big screen CRT television set, because the effect of placing the geomagnetic field, when asked to consider direction, otherwise the image will occur a number of issues that affect the normal view, better TV with geomagnetic correction

Physical flat-screen television for CRT in so-called flat screen state, almost all television sets are pillow-type distortion and convergence to the problem. And LCD, PDP, DLP and LCoS these emerging TV is flat, congenital defects do not exist above.

Weak current College】 【mixer input channel main function keys control --- Power By】 【China power house network.

<br> Mixer is a modern sound system's control center, is a sound program broadcast and recording in important equipment. <br> <br> In the entire sound system, need random adjustment is a sound mixer, mastered the mixer input channel adjustment method ., which basically mastered the signal source hardware control technology. General mixer consists of 4 parts, namely, input on most (IA), frequency Equalizer (EQ), sound and image positioning section (PAN) and volume control (FADER). The following .describes the four parts of the control technology and methods. <br> <br> Input on most <br> <br> In a mixer on a per input element has a fixed Attenuator (PAD), attenuation range are usually 20-30dB, .gain controller (GAIN) and a peak led (PEAK). When the audio source signal is low, if you just simply increase the gain, the destruction of the input signal to noise ratio; if gain down too small, you cannot get enough output .level. <br> <br> The equalizer (EQ) of the regulation <br> <br> Mixer input channel Equalizer (EQ) is used to input signal tone compensation, usually a mixer of equilibrium (EQ) is divided into three stages ., namely, high frequency, medium-frequency and low frequency. There are four stages, namely, high frequency, low frequency and high frequency, and low frequency. <br> <br> 1. the equalizer (EQ) of parameters and control .function <br> <br> High frequency band (HIGH) primarily affect the treble zone of musical instruments and high harmonics, lifting, metal sound increase, Apical, enhance the tone more too much will make a significant increase in noise. You can remove .noise attenuation, the attenuation is too much treble district of sense will be lost. <br> <br> In the band (MID) frequency, if center frequency tuned in, the main influence 3kHz instruments and voices of the treble. Elevated tone bright ., hard texture. Raise too many auditory fatigue, attenuation, music or sound sense of balance tend to bass. If center frequency tuning impact mainly in 1kHz instruments and voices in tempo. Lifting time definite, voice timbre contour will forward, after the shrink when .sound attenuation. If center frequency tuned in, the main influence 500Hz instruments and voices in the bass. When upgrading, enhancing timbre rich powerful appears on the phone too much, when the sound timbre of attenuation is hard, balance tends too much treble, decay .experiments thinning. <br> <br> Low frequency band (LOW) low-frequency bass main influence musical instruments, upgrade when the tone is thick. More easily when sound attenuation, effectively remove background noise and hum. <br> <br> .2. Equalizer (EQ) of the regulation and control skills <br> <br> Moderator of the general thematic programmes for women, in a mixer for balanced compensation, to promote high-frequency appropriate to raise around 4dB audio clarity and luminance, but .this section does not mention too high, otherwise easily lead to auditory fatigue. On high frequency attenuation above for 6kHz, to eliminate possible teeth tone. Low frequency band near the 500Hz attenuate 6-8dB to eliminate low-frequency too strong. <br> .Sound like a potentiometer (PAN) of the regulation <br> <br> Sound like a potentiometer (PAN) role is primarily to stereo balance processing and stereo sound field reassignment treatment. For example, song and dance halls of accompaniment Orchestra, with stereo .sound reinforcement and restore, make it clear stereo position. <br> <br> Included-left and right channel audio source azimuth of depth, ie PAN knob off center location, according to the band in the position of the stage, the atmosphere and .the recording of sound and image processing techniques for different ranges of sound and image orientation of the depth of the regulation, to achieve perfect stereo sound field effect. <br> <br> Channel attenuation potentiometer (FADER) of the regulation <br> < .br> Channel attenuation potentiometer (FADER) commonly known as faders, it has two functions: one is to control the size of the volume of this road, the second is to adjust the balance between the sound source. To obtain ideal to listen to the .effect that the tuner it is necessary to know the singer singing characteristics, but also to the familiar songs, songs of the climax, the actor should bring excitement down into small, when the song lyric and exquisite weak sound, it needs to turn the volume .up. <br> <br> In addition, when you enter your jumps, speakers produce a whistling or peak led is lit, it was hurried down the channel faders, such actions are wrong, because pull down the faders just reduces the output volume ., and enters the mixer level remains high, very easily lead to clipping distortion. In such cases, only gain knob counterclockwise to decrease gain to effectively eliminate clipping distortion. <br> <br> Described above is the main function of the input channel mixer .knob on the most basic regulation methods, to be truly comfortable master mixer control technology and tuning techniques, also recording technicians have continuously strengthening its own artistic accomplishment of music, electro-acoustic and electronic technology knowledge, accumulated experience, thereby increasing regulation and tune the .level of technology and sound art. <br> <br> <br>.

【 Weak current College 】 how to buy high-quality video surveillance storage system

Video surveillance storage of basic types there are three ways you can select:
1 use hard drive built-in DVR and NVR or server. This still is by far the most common form of storage.

2 direct attached storage that is outside your DVR hard drive, NVR or server. NAS or SAN system provides greater scalability, flexibility and space.

3 centralized storage.

Video surveillance storage system purchase principle

Video surveillance system is a relatively unique system, the main requirements of large capacity and cost, otherwise there is no so much money to set up all over the city, even the national monitoring system. Therefore choosing a large capacity, low-cost IP storage is to monitor the characteristics of the system itself and demand, while maintaining the security of the system.

In accordance with the monitoring system configuration select storage capacity given the size of the storage capacity of the device, apart from the number with the camera, and video formats, bit rate, the number of days of storage. Storage system capacity calculated as follows: assuming that the video format to D1, bit rate is 2 MB/s-single video daily storage capacity: 1 * (2Mb/s * 3600s)/8bit * 24 = 21GB. single video storage capacity per month: 1 * (2Mb/s * 3600s)/8bit * 24 * 30 days = 648GB. the camera number, bitrate, storage time according to the actual situation to select.

Distributed and centralized storage choice

Centralized storage advantages and disadvantages is that physical media gallery layout; uploading the video stream to the Centre of the engine room environment demands high, asked the engine room space is big, heavy, air conditioning, etc. are all issues to consider.

Distribution store, centralized management of strengths and weaknesses is that physical media distribution to a different location; close to upload the video stream, the backbone bandwidth nothing; may use multiple sets of low-end, small-capacity storage device distribution arrangements, equipment prices and lower maintenance costs; the deployment of small capacity equipment distribution, low requirements to the engine room environment.

For urban monitoring system of monitoring data, whether in various regions, how concentrated a lot of time and a city Administrative Division, a city the size of the area and the available network conditions. Smaller cities, network conditions, the better, and easier implementation of centralized storage. On the contrary, the greater the need for distributed storage. If there are eight district in Beijing. Creation of video surveillance systems, can be set for each zone, and then aggregated to the Center, such as the emergency command center.

Video surveillance storage procurement issues since monitoring is a video application class, and other system different access features: streaming media on the storage device that a multi-channel video long time writing the same store, real-time multi-channel video access to the same file, the video access bandwidth constant stability require high bandwidth, 1/25 seconds, on average, longer video access, capacity requirements, storage scalability can be high. Video stored on the storage environment has no special requirements. Routinely monitoring system data are essentially temporary nature, more than online storage time (such as 7 days, 15 days, the individual will be required 30 days), you can delete, so monitoring system backups very often just to meet a month.

As a result of equipment selection, do not have to choose the maximum bandwidth, and to choose a bandwidth fluctuations of the smallest, most smooth curve. Due to the long-running, it is best to use the controller architecture of storage devices, do not select the PC architecture, select capacity can be expanded.

In addition, more than 100TB capacity, FC-sata equipment prices are not necessarily more expensive than the ISCSI device. FC supported disk number, support for iSCSI devices generally few in number, assuming the capacity requirements FC-sata 500tb, only need a can, and the iSCSI device requires a lot of that, only iSCSI devices controller sector costs is very large.

Video surveillance system first is a video application system, because the storage device you want to be able to provide stable bandwidth output to meet long video, reading, writing, and second, video monitoring system has to meet a large number of real-time data is written to the camera, and to meet a large number of surveillance-video playback needs, therefore, also consider storage system can provide sufficient IOPS performance.

As a result of video surveillance systems in general all over the city or even country, therefore the storage device should also consider whether you can achieve a physically dispersed, but the management and monitoring features can be unified.

Network video system storage choice video application system includes such as online video, IPTV, VOD and video surveillance. But because of a network video system general rate is relatively small, approximately 100Kb/S-200Kb/s or so, so the bandwidth requirements are relatively small. Need online play a lot of users, so in general the storage devices of high IOPS performance requirements, and General site room total bandwidth is generally 1-2Gb/s (actual available bandwidth), individual large site may reach 4-5Gb/s. can assigned to the network video board, and there's nearly 100-200MB/S, so for bandwidth in terms of General iSCSI storage and FC storage can be easily met, but if you use NAS storage, you need high-end products.

Although the use of high-end NAS device costs more, but the NAS itself provides a shared file system, network video management and sharing area has the advantage of natural to facilitate later video server quantity expansion and upgrade. ISCSI and FC device in the end due to the use of low-cost SATA disk IOPS new can generally 6w-10w around, and therefore cannot be used with large-scale network video system.

Recommended network video system selection is from the bandwidth and IOPS two aspects to consider, in bothMeet the situation, try to use NAS products. Large system recommended FC disk fibre facilities.

If the system has a good video management system and distributed software system, you can use small-capacity, high performance storage for online storage to users increase real-time access, then use a low-cost ISCSI or NAS device as the secondary storage.

【 Weak current College 】 importance-KTV network management--Power By 【 China power house network 】

Currently, most of the KTV establishments use VOD mode computer karaoke, although use of hardware and software system, but it still shows KTV system experiencing changes, such as textile machines from hand-woven into the cloth, the use of the equipment change, technological change, the operator has also changed. KTV industry and textile industry, the constant was changed. Now that the sector has a new change seeing bosses will recognize this, according to the changing needs to schedule work.

In the many changes in the KTV, people change is most important, but here it means of network management personnel. The so-called network management personnel means to manage the computer's KTV hardware, software and network personnel, they are required to have a certain degree of computer knowledge, be familiar with the operating system, trained to deal with VOD system, a number of small problems doing the day-to-day maintenance of computer hardware, if balanced tuning the better. Network management and proportional to the number of rooms, at least to ensure that each class has a network management personnel on duty, Beijing-till added up to more than 200 rooms, but network management personnel have 6, 70 people, Shanghai-till 3 shops around 300 rooms, the network management team has nearly 300 people, outdoor and Interior.

Why KTV should pay attention to the construction of the network management personnel? this is a lot of the boss is still not clear about the problem, they always have the following opinion:

1. buy computer software should be handled by a computer company: Yes, but if the computer company are thousands of miles away, once your computer has a little problem, even if they have the responsibility and obligation, how can you arrive the scene to solve the problem, not far from the hydrolysis of thirst, the loss and who is it? the computer company would not dare to say that you have failed, he lost to guarantee to pay compensations, if so, those who dare to do work, if it's afraid to lose, that do not have to make the guest's KTV money, earn money from the manufacturers, but also can make a fortune, but manufacturers have some money you lose, and lose some, every day people lose money products who will want it.

2. network management personnel as service personnel is important: some KTV, especially the cultivation of a large number of liangfanshi KTV of service personnel, wanted a room a, but over and over training and network management personnel are only looking for 1-2 persons, a sick leave no one take, and also find wages are very low. You should think about network management personnel is the heart of the service staff is his hands and feet, heart jumped, hands and feet it was no use, if the boss or professional managers like attention service personnel to focus network management personnel, computer work well done, your heart will never come to a halt, up to a bit of bradycardia, regain.

3. network management personnel can have on the line: network management personnel's quality directly related to the VOD system is good or bad, please help yourself. Bosses should be attention, a good network management personnel is your zuobang right arm, usually let you peace of mind, the key when you rest assured that you can easily find a? really the boss a few understand technology, boss knows how to make money, but be sure to take into account the factors making money, you want to know where there is a problem that has earned the money, if you think computers are very stable, it is not necessary for good network management personnel, when computer system has a problem you cannot solve, or to the role of network management personnel. Yunnan Kunming big star boss please PC charge is very good, the boss, you never have to worry about waiting at home counting money.

These problems are to KTV business have a great impact, to remind the KTV operators should note that selected, with a good network management personnel, not only is good character, the technology is also better to keep your business in a secure, reliable environment steadily.

【 Weak current College 】 DVI interface-Power By 【 China power house network 】

DVI Digital Visual Interface known as it is in 1999 by Silicon Image, Intel (Intel), Compaq (Compaq), IBM, HP (Hewlett Packard), NEC, Fujitsu and other companies comprise DDWG (Digital Display Working Group, the digital display working group) launches interface standard. It is based on Silicon Image's PanalLink interface technology, based on the TMDS (Transition Minimized Differential Signaling to minimize the transmission of differential signals) electronic Protocol as basic electrical connections. TMDS is a differential signal mechanism, you can apply a pixel data encoding and delivery over a serial connection. Video produced by the digital signal from the transmitter in accordance with the Protocol encoded by TMDS TMDS channel sent to the receiver, after decoding for digital display device. A DVI display system includes a transmitter and a receiver. Conveyor is signal sources can be built into the graphics chip, or to attach the chip to appear in the video the PCB; while the receiver is a circuit on the monitor, it can receive digital signals, it is decoded and passed to the digital display circuit, through both the video signals into the image on the monitor.
The DVI interface is divided into two kinds, one DVI, can only receive digital signals, the interface is only 3 row a total of 8 columns, including the 24 pin to a PIN at the top right corner of the blank. Not compatible with the analog signal.
Another is the DVI, compatible with both analog and digital signals. Compatible with analog fortunately does not mean that the interface of analog signal can be connected in D-Sub interface DVI, but must pass a subs to use, the general use of such interface graphics will be converted with the associated connection. Considering the compatibility issues, current video card will normally be used DVD-I interface so that you can convert the connector to the ordinary VGA interface. While the display with a DVI interface typically use DVI, because such a monitor with a VGA interface in General also, so there's no need to carry the analog signal of DVI. Of course there are a few exceptions, some monitors only DVI VGA interfaces instead. Display device using DVI interface has the following two major advantages:
«Ò» ¡ ¢ speed
DVI transmits digital signal, digital image information is not subject to any transformation, it will be delivered directly to the display device, thus reducing the numbers → simulation → digital cumbersome conversion process, significant savings in time, so it's faster, eliminate trailing phenomenon, and use the DVI signal for data transfer, without attenuation, the color is purified, more realistic.
2. clear
Computer internal transmission is binary digital signal, using a VGA LCD monitor will need to first put the signal through the video D/A (digital/analog) converter into R, G, B color signals and signal line, the field, the signal transmitted by analogue signal cable to the corresponding LCD internal need of A/D (analog/digital) converter will once again, the analog signal into a digital signal to the LCD displays the image on. In the D/A, A/D conversion and signal transfer process inevitably occur signal loss and interference, cause the image is distorted or even display errors, and DVI interface without the need for these conversions, avoiding the loss of signal, so that the image sharpness and detail have been greatly enhanced. Finally, the DVI interface can support HDCP Protocol, look for the future of high definition video with copyright. But if you want to enable graphics support HDCP DVI interface that does not work, you need to install dedicated chip, to pay the accreditation fees not HDCP-Fei, so there is a real support HDCP Protocol video also.

【 Weak current College 】 data backup strategy---Power By 【 China power house network 】

If someone asked me the most afraid of experiencing what it is, then I think crashed hard disk should be considered. Imagine your hard drive suddenly broke through your hard work and created all kinds of data are missing, this kind of attack is hard to accept. Of course, this tragic event nor inevitable. Hard drive failure did not forecast, it is possible that in the matter, it is also possible that your a big project is completed. Although you may be unable to stop the hard drive has failed, but at least you can on a hard drive failure to take preventive measures, the potential loss will be reduced to a minimum and avoid the bad happen.
I want to tell you of precautionary measures is to do a data backup. In fact, most of us know should do a data backup, but the practical work but very few people in seriously do backup, at least not very regular. Until one day, our hard drive completely ruined. Then, start to make data backup is becoming very devout, but is only temporary, time will not do.
My experience from the lessons of the "blood". These painful memories include: experienced three or four blocks of the primary hard drive suddenly fails. Each time the losses are extremely large, and the worst part is I lost several months of hard work, all kinds of music fragments, recording good sound track, arranged by mixing all disappear completely. And, the entire job completion times for delayed for a month, and then produce the tracks could not give me satisfaction. Although the ultimate music still very exciting, but it never and I have in mind those lost in music.
There are many situations can cause data loss. In the computer, the possible damage to the hard disk, power failure, SCSI interface problem, at the same time, you also prevent foreign practices, for instance, the thief, fires and floods. Anything you can't afford to lose, so from now on, will discourage data no longer produced or later backup these ideas.
Clear the importance of data backup, the following problem is you need to find a suitable for their own data backup strategy, and you want to perform strictly according to the chapter. Remember to back up your data should look like, the teeth and wash, cannot be lazy. The method described below is applicable to most of the computer and data storage devices.
It is first necessary to decide what equipment to use for backup
To ensure a sufficiently large data capacity so that you can make multiple backups at the same time. Each data backup in a different place: one copy on your computer, one copy to continue working, a drop at home cabinets, a drop in. ... In short, the place to be dispersed. If you backed up data is confidential, then we need to pay attention to not let other people get these data at will.
Every once in a week, for a full backup, such as every Sunday.
Every day, on the day of the data changes, and you want to back up the two. At the same time, also alternate data backup device data is saved in this way, at any time you can find the data yesterday and the day before yesterday. You can use DantzRetrospect (running on Mac computers and PC's two version) software for work in this area.
If you are in full accordance with the provisions of the above, then your data must have a very high level of security. For example, you use the data for backup, so you can from the previous record of tail then to copy the data on the tape until the tape recording was full, and then start over again.
On my own, on a computer that non-critical data and non-audio data, I do not carry out careful backup. In addition, I also never use backup software to do such work.
Normally, I use a computer to work with the files are relatively small (in addition to audio files) that can be easily saved to ordinary three-inch floppy disk or Zip disk. Wait until a certain time, I'll move all floppy disks, zip disks are burned in the data to the CD-r.
For me, the more important is on capacity substantial audio data for backup. Their data is somewhat too big that Zip with some platter (each Zip discs can accommodate up to 100Mbit data) does not fit all, you usually have to use several CD-R (each CD-R disc can hold 650MB data) can be a full backup. I usually don't like to throw away the old version of the data, the data volume is turning over to rise. If the work is set by the 20 or the sampling accuracy and 24bit 96kHz sample rate, file size is staggering. Burn multiple data backup CD processing is a rather lengthy process, you can use this time to drink a Cup, a break.
For normal audio data backup, my method is: I have two old hard drive, I now no longer used to record, because they are too slow and tremendous noise. Whenever the work is over, I copy all the audio data to a hard drive, the next backup, and then use another hard disk, and so used interchangeably. So then, every moment has two hard drives hold my current audio data (one is a computer's primary hard disk, a hard drive is backed up with), but then the previous day's data I could find (in addition a backup hard drive). I would also like to periodically back up the data is compressed (but not once a week), burn them to the CD-r disc.
I am not a computer, all data in the backup, because the backup application does not have any significance (the hard disk of Cakewalk software backup 10 eight course meaningless), I'm only on my own work file that is stored in the music itself. I like the original file and then copy a to continue its work, for now the price of hard drives, it can still be acceptable. In addition, there is no need for you to use very fastHard disk or storage device, Zip, Jaz, or any other drives can be used to make data backup.
My experience is that this method is fast and simple, for normal data backup is appropriate, and to do so from the beginning, now has been working very well. Therefore I dare to say so, if my hard drive in the Music Studio suddenly fails, I can in the shortest time everything returned to normal, and the minimum data loss.
In addition I would like to remind you, do not forget the synthesizer of timbre and effects settings parameters for backup. There is always that one day, a synthesizer in the random access memory-powered batteries ran out, so it saves all the settings are lost.
For data backup and is not a very painful thing. Summary of the work in a way suited to their own data backup method, and meticulous manner, but you can avoid painful happened. When one day, your hard drive when sudden failure (I'm sure there will be a day), you'll be glad you do.

【 Weak current College 】 RME HDSP 9632 top-Power By 【 China power house network 】

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RME now have support 192kHz sampling frequency sound card, and in function of the balance on the reached an unprecedented high.
Germany manufacturers to produce high-end sound card RME and is well-known for the converter. Launched HammerfallDSP family-two new members-HDSP9652 and HDSP9632 richer their product line. In fact, these two sound cards have many similarities, this article will be on HDSP9632 difference for highlights.
HDSP9632 was declared a "world's most versatile audio interface", it inherits the HDSP series of excellent quality and great play the HDSP system's potential. He has no 9652 so many interface, however it has stereo analog input and output, and also support from 32kHz to 192kHz's sampling rate.
The new PCI sound card support for the latest 192kHz, 24bit sampling, nominal signal to noise ratio reached the attractive 110dB. It uses up handy. All input and output (up to 16-way) can be used simultaneously, there are several optional interface type, you only need to replace the external link line. Plus expansion cards do not need to use a PCI slot, but uses the computer's back panel, or PCI-less an available PCI slot.
Obviously, for high sampling rate, the clock stability is extremely important. Use the new HDSP9632 clock protection circuit, referred to as "stable clock (SteadyClock)". This clock technology can guarantee the quality of the input signal is not damaged at the same time maximum jitter suppression. According to the nominal value, in the PLL mode (for example with external digital signal synchronization) jitter less than 1ns, whereas in the internal synchronization mode is less than 0.8ns.
Primary card compatible PCI2.1 slot, through two D-sub interface connection for audio signal transmission, while in the card's Panel, there are two ADAT optical socket. ADAT support standard 8-channel digital signal 48kHz, or 4 channel 96kHzS/MUX format signals. If necessary, you can also set the software to S/PDIF signal interface.
Two D-sub interface wiring provides all of the audio jack. Of these, the analog input/output via 15-pin d-sub interface implementation, while another 9-pin D-sub provides s/PDIF digital interface. S/PDIF digital input/output to two phono Jack, theoretically, the maximum support of sampling frequency 192kHz — but this requires higher quality digital cable. In addition, you can also select balance Canon interface connection to get AES-EBU digital interface.
In songce releases, the analog signal is transmitted by Canon interface, with a headphone output and a MIDI input and output. And the fact that Canon interface wiring is required separately, along with the card's basic configuration of non-equilibrium Lotus interface. Card input and output level can be independent of the regulation, there are three commonly used models to choose from, including the familiar + 4dBu and-10dBu standards.
HDSP9632 also has been upgraded Totalmix real-time DSP software mixer/console, providing 512 channel audio mixer control, internal precision, as well as 40bit any channel zero latency monitoring. This means that in most cases, users no longer need to add the hardware mixer. Mixer output can be independent to the stereo master output or headphone output. The latest version supports the new matrix and multiple window Windows, for example, support AC3 surround sound DVD encoding.
And as with other products in the series, "HDSP9632 support RME zero CPU usage" technology with built-in DSP chip for audio signal, not consume system resources. I am here referring to the DSP, in fact — and other products — this card using FPGA, rather than traditional DSP chip. About FPGA and traditional DSP and nonsense has been discussed too much, but RME still believe this design can offer a more flexible way.
With packing with disc provides Windows2000 and XP driver (support MME, GSIF and ASIO2.0). Official website can be updated to the latest driver version number 2.94, September 2005. Mac driver is not included on the CD, but official website to download the latest drivers, the latest version number is 1.6b. The CD includes software also Digichek and MeterBridge (see below), as well as FlashROM refresh tool and 41 page PDF user manual. It is worth mentioning that the "BIOS protection" technology ensures that once the upgrade has failed, the alternate ROM can still guarantee the sound card working properly, until EEEPROM properly refresh.
Expansion card
HDSP9632 support RME existing expansion cards (EXB) enhancements or increase the physical input output port. Standard expansion card support to 48kHz sampling rate, including AEB4I, AEB8I, AEB4O and AEB8O (each offers four or eight-way input/output), as well as provide TDIF interface of TEB expansion cards. However, in order to adapt to the high sampling rate HDSP9632, there are two new expansion card can choose. This is AI4S192 input and output cards AO4S192, both cards provide 4 TRS Jack and and the primary card itself supports 192kHz's sampling rate. The interfaces on these cards are balanced interface, and as the primary card and can be specified as three different level mode. With this two expansion cards, analog port HDSP9632 can be extended to six, and full support 24/192 standard. In order to chargeMinutes played SteadyClock, 9632 also have dedicated Word synchronous interface modules provide a two-out BNC Word synchronous interface.
Software settings
Set menu with other HDSP series cards like neat, all settings are easy to find. All settings can be changed in real time, and you can at any time from the system tray icon to bring up. The menu is divided into four parts, the first of eight buffer/delay option, separately from 1.5 to 186ms. Next is the S/PDIF input and output sources and mode settings. Then the clock and synchronization signals set, and finally enter output level adjustment and headphone level settings. The status bar at the bottom of the menu shows the current status of all kinds, including choosing the input signal, clock mode and sampling frequency, and so on, so the user could check.
With the card provides applications with scalable HDSPMeterBridge (HDSP level meter bridge) and Digicheck — a level of analysis tools, including spectral analysis, 2, 8 and 16-channel-level table (from V4.0 release started with oversampling function), phase meter, etc. Data processing by the audio card complete with DSP, these tools do not consume extra computer resources.
Easy to install HDSP9632, whether hardware or software drivers. Although I do not need to upgrade firmware (firmware), but if you have a new upgrade program announcement, update firmware, is another essential work.
Putting aside the sampling rate, from a performance and functionality perspective, this card is uncompromising. Dedicated headphone output and ADAT, S/PDIF and stereo analog port match, if these interfaces are sufficient to meet your needs, then it is worth recommending HDSP9632 audio card. But for those who need to surround sound production, add optional AI4S192 and AO4S192 expansion card, you can become a 9632 have 5.1 surround sound input and output, and all of the interfaces support 192kHz sampling rate audio card.