【 Weak current College 】 simultaneous interpretation of Design Guide [illustrated tutorial]---Power By 【 China power house network 】

A simultaneous interpretation of the meaning of <br> <BR> simultaneous interpretation simultaneous interpretation, also known as the name suggests, is the basic simultaneous language translation. .Responsible for translation work done by the translator, simultaneous interpretation equipment, the operation interface is provided. .In other words, with simultaneous interpretation equipment, a system composed of these devices can not perform automatic translation of language must be translated by the interpreter. .<BR> When people speak different languages to meet or hold an international conference, as both sides or multi-language can not communicate, it must be an interpreter to communicate. .The following language of 1 +2 (that is, a mother-tongue plus two translated languages) example of the process and significance of simultaneous interpretation. .Second, the traditional meeting <BR> common is the translation mode A, B on behalf of the talks between the two countries, each with its own, accompanied by translators. .A representative speaking, B country translators to translate their language content, B representatives heard the translation of the contents after the answer, A country translators then translated into national languages of his speech, we put this principle of a simplified process .shown in Figure 1. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 1 <BR> Another common phenomenon is that A, B on behalf of the talks between the two countries, but only an interpreter responsible for communicating all of the session, we put a simplified schematic process .Figure 2. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 2 <BR> such a process can clearly see that the whole translation process took at least half the time the talks, and the translator into the core of the talks on the exchange. .Because of this session is face to face, the representatives of the lip, body language are clear, so that relatively more accurate translation, if thetalks more than language, the way this translation is acceptable; but for more than 3 languages .international meetings, this traditional mode of translation can not meet the requirements. .Then you need a set of simultaneous interpretation equipment, each representative wearing a headset receiver and choose to listen to, no matter what language to speak on behalf of all the basic translation of a corresponding member to specify the language of the translation, which .is the role of simultaneous translation equipment. .Three simultaneous modes of modern <BR> A, B on behalf of the talks between the two countries, A representative of the country, the interpreter translated into their language A to language B, B to hear the representatives of almost synchronous translated content, and timely .answer, then his speech translator B for the A-language translation. .Similarly, A is almost simultaneous to hear the representatives of the translated content, and timely answer, we put a simplified schematic process shown in Figure 3. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 3 <BR> such a translation process, you can clearly see the time the talks are timely because the use of electronic systems for voice of interpretation, exchange and distribution, spent .Translation time work only with the reaction speed of the interpreter. .<BR> Four simultaneous transmission of simultaneous interpretation system's core technology is multilingual observers signal transmission (distribution, transmission and reception), mainly by the two programs constitute the wired and wireless, and wireless transmission methods are divided into electromagnetic waves .and two infrared methods. .<BR> 1. <BR> Wired cable transmission of analog and digital transmission is also divided into two ways, through the interpreter from the room, equipment room to each to attend the laying of the location of the multi-core cable transmits multi-channel analog audio or digital audio signals all the way .. .Cable transmission equipment with lower cost, less susceptible to interference, good sound quality, security advantages, but the complexity of the system wiring, routine maintenance is too much trouble, most applications used in fixed installation applications. .<BR> Wire analog transmission by the power distribution and load impedance matching constraints, usually audio amplifier transfer constant pressure, so each language requires at least a pair of wire, creating a large and complex wiring systems, electromagnetic interference, .channel crosstalk and attenuation limits the level of the system SNR. .Figure 4 shows a typical analog transmission 1 +3 language simultaneous interpretation system diagram, we can see that, because of the need transfer a total of 4 languages (mother tongue plus 3 Road 1 Road, the language interpretation), so need at least 4 sets of constant pressure amplifier .After the bus transfer to at least 4 seats in the election of each hearing. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 4 <BR> cable digital transmission can now use the most common UTP network cable, transmission by the digital audio signal sample quantization. .Because digital audio signal using a high bit rate, and the overall sound quality can achieve high fidelity. .And because hand in hand with digital bus connection in a way which simplifies the cabling system, and can make conferencing systems, interpretation systems, voting systems have become a complete portfolio, as shown in Figure 5, the Danish DIS DCS6000 simultaneous interpretation for the wired .A typical system diagram. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 5 <BR> 2. <BR> Wireless transmission of electromagnetic waves similar to radio and radio transmit and receive, but generally use lower frequencies and longer wavelengths, in order to avoid .On radio, walkie-talkies and other equipment commonly used bands. .Generally use the wireless electromagnetic transmission antenna cables in the ceiling, floor or walls within the fabric into a closed loop, the receiver receives an induction approach. .Because of this transmission does not have the confidentiality, any person outside the receiver can use the same listen to the conference. .If you use special equipment, or even very far away from the venue can monitor the meeting from the speech. .Wireless transmission of electromagnetic waves <BR> Another drawback is that the system susceptible to electromagnetic interference, and even indoor fluorescent light switch will bring the noise, the current field in the simultaneous transmission of voice has been largely eliminated this kind of technology. .<BR> 3. <BR> Infrared infrared transmission technology due to its simple installation, good sound quality, confidentiality and other advantages, the language commonly used in the simultaneous distribution and transmission areas. .Simultaneous interpretation system using infrared transmission basically consists of the following equipment or subsystems. .<BR> Source: pickup microphone, conference system and other audio sources <BR> interpretation device: the console, also known as translators, generally have a duplex communications, and digital conference system connected to the control of the host audio, data .exchange. .<BR> Audio modulator: Electronic audio signal through the audio cable to the modulator, the modulated infrared transmitter sent. .<BR> Infrared transmitter: also known as infrared radiation plate, the electronic audio signal modulated by the RF cable to the transmitter, the use of infrared transmitting tube to cover the entire conference room. .<BR> Infrared receiver: in the infrared range, all receivers can receive the infrared receiver is connected to infrared light signals into electrical signals, amplified by the power of multiple channels through a headset for voice monitoring. .<BR> Figure 6 shows the infrared simultaneous interpretation for the Danish DIS DCS6000 typical system diagram. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 6, the basic functions of five simultaneous analog or digital <BR> regardless of technology, a mature, complete with the transmission system should have the following basic features: <BR> 1. .automatic switching function <BR> site language interpreter when the scene to speak with the same language, change language interpreters do not need to be translated and interpretation device can turn off the microphone for a short break, then interpretation should be able to automatically control the host .The interpretation takes the channel automatically switches to the on-site language. .<BR> 2. <BR> Second or Relay function interpretation interpretation should be able to receive the device, including native (site language), translated language, multi-media sources and all of the voice, the scene when the translator did not understand language, the system .set automatically translated to another language access for a second or Relay interpreter translated. .<BR> 3. <BR> Call and technical support functions call each interpretation and Taiwan have independent channels Chairman and technicians, party to an application such as interpreters too fast, technical support and assistance, without disturbing the other participants. .<BR> 4. <BR> Interpretation channel lock function to prevent the translation of different languages occupy the same channel, the system should be set to channel busy indicator. .<BR> 5. <BR> Interpretation independent voice monitoring function can control the host language of each channel and on-site monitoring, and with separate volume control. .Six simultaneous interpretation of the design points <BR> 1. <BR> Source simultaneous interpretation system full access to the central role in the last century is the exchange of a variety of audio, and multimedia signal sources present at the meeting because of the extensive .applications, so the design should take full account of all the voice signal (typical conference system, wireless microphone, etc.), multimedia signal source (a typical computer audio signals, tape recorders, video recorders, CD players, cable TV signal, etc.) .and, most importantly, emergency broadcast simultaneous control of all access to the host. .Because most interpreters have only 1 host 2-way expansion of audio input, so you can design matrix or mixer audio multimedia audio signals to the above pre-entered after simultaneous host. .<BR> The most important emergency broadcast signal, because the emergency broadcast system is the trigger time of the accident with the signal output can trigger access to the emergency infrared modulator trigger signal input interface, the modulator can be strong all the output channels .Cut to the set signal source, such as public broadcasting; the current technology is more advanced infrared modulator with independent input for emergency broadcasts, such as the DIS, Denmark's DT 6008 and DT 6032 digital broadband modem comes standard with 2 independent emergency .priority inputs (balanced analog audio format). .<BR> 2. Interpreters <BR> video source monitoring the relevant provisions in the ISO 2603, suggested the forum, participants, blackboard and projection screen at the same time should be within sight of an interpreter, an interpreter at the meeting conducive to the process .the following can be some of the relevant work. .<BR> · Interpreter function can be linked through the camera speaker's lip observed at any time, face and other body language, the translation of the atmosphere more lively and rich; <BR> · interpreters can clearly identify the specific location of the speakers, timely .understand the speaker's identity and position of the representatives of the session, a clear part of the special meaning of the language; <BR> · interpreter to understand the speakers in a timely blackboard, whiteboard or projection screen to explain the data, drawings, tables or other types of electronic .data, so that the translation is much more accurate. .<BR> But in most of the academic hall, banquet hall and other large international meeting applications, regardless of interpretation room setting in any position, this can be compatible with the requirements of various obviously not easy to achieve. .Therefore, the design can take advantage of multimedia video system, the venue of the camera, and computer video signal to the monitor room for all interpreters. .<BR> 3. Interpretation of the video source format <BR> room meeting room is currently the main video source to composite video (such as cameras, analog booth, video recorders, CD players, etc.) and RGB formats (such as computer signals and digital booth .etc.) based design can be installed in each room video monitor and interpretation of data receivers and 1 units, respectively, access to the system matrix and RGB video matrix. .In order to reduce the use of room space for interpretation, simplified interpretation room cabling system, in particular, to avoid long distance transmission RGB signal attenuation, the proposed design of a multifunctional video frequency processor, the video sent to interpretation room times and RGB signals .frequency processing, and unified format with RGB loop through the twisted pair transceiver receives an interpretation of each room. .Figure 7 with three interpreters room, for example, amount of equipment design and function are described below. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 7 <BR> · Extron DVS204 1 Taiwan: installed in the control room, responsible for video matrix sent RGB matrix composite video signal and sent to the frequency with component video, select .RGBHV format after switching to a twisted pair transmitter output; <BR> · Extron MTP T 15HD 1 Taiwan: installed in the control room, responsible for the RGBHV signals into balanced twisted pair signals, long-distance transport to the interpretation room .Twisted Pair Receiver, 1024 × 768 resolution recommended transmission distance is less than 180 meters; <BR> · Extron MTP RL 15HD 2 sets: were installed in the first, second interpretation room, is responsible for the twisted pair signals into .RGBHV signal to the original data in the monitor, because MTP RL 15HD receivers with twisted pair loop output signal, the third room of the twisted pair signal interpretation by the bus loop is also provided; <BR> · Extron MTP R .15HD 1 Taiwan: interpretation in the third house installed, responsible for housing the second interpretation of the twisted pair loop sent signals into the original data RGBHV signal to the monitor, and MTP RL 15HD is the difference between the receiver does not have the double .wire loop output. .<BR> 4. The number of infrared radiation board design <BR> amount of infrared radiation plate installed in the design of the following conditions need to be considered: <BR> · the number of language interpreters most of the manufacturers of the radiant panel <BR> power .has a different definition of description, but the common feature is a different number of channels in the transmitter that can be derived when the power is different, can be calculated by the following formula: <BR> single DIS RA 6013 such as radiant panels in the 4 standard audio .transmission mode coverage of up to 1000m2, but if it is standard for 8-way audio transmission mode can only be achieved when the coverage area of 500m2. .<BR> · Venue decoration materials <BR> Although not see infrared light, but the acoustic transmission characteristics somewhat similar to: black, rough surfaces than the white, smooth surface will absorb more infrared, infrared emission under such circumstances .Installation of the number should be increased appropriately. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> <TH scope=col> </ TH> Figure 9 EASE 4.0 covers the results of simulated infrared <BR> Therefore, the infrared at different surface decoration materials have different strength and uniformity of power .performance in EASE 4.0 version which already has a simulation feature of these results, but only the built-in infrared board database which part of Germany SENNHEISER model. .<BR> 5. Infrared radiation plate installation <BR> the infrared radiation the radiation plate has a specific point of view, it is best to have the venue design construction drawings, installed in the building height as possible (such as ceilings or .ceiling), and then simulated infrared radiation panels 1 / 2 power transmission angle, the 1 / 2 power point to cover the largest range (Figure 10). .If building an effective regional presence in a relatively large depression or block, the proposed installation of secondary emission in the region board, cover the blind spot to avoid the infrared (Figure 11). .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> <TH scope=col> </ TH> Figure 10 1 / 2 angle coverage of the simulated power radiation Figure 11 is too low radiant panel installation is easy to transmit signals blocked <BR> 6. Design .<BR> appropriate carrier frequency RF signals for each channel has its own carrier frequency, concentrated in the vicinity of a certain frequency, this frequency is called the channel carrier frequency, carrier frequency of the highest and lowest value called offset. .The greater the frequency offset range of RF signal, the higher the quality of the audio signal transmitter, capable of firing the less the number of channels. .<BR> A. narrow-band modulation <BR> narrowband modulation by ± 6KHz ~ ± 7.5KHz FM subcarrier frequency offset method is commonly used multi-channel audio transmission system, the carrier frequency range from 55KHz ~ 1335KHz between each .increasingaccess to 40KHz frequency response range between 50Hz ~ 8KHz, up by 32 standard narrowband transmission channels for transmitting high-definition language. .Relative to the wideband, narrowband modulation frequency response was significantly reduced, but applied to voice transmitter is sufficient because the most important speech is a sufficient number of channels and speech intelligibility. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> <BR> narrow-band modulation is very susceptible to high-frequency switching power supply noise generated by high-frequency noise source types can be divided into two kinds of peak interference and harmonic interference, by interference coupling path .can be divided into two kinds of conduction disturbances and radiated interference. .Main susceptible to high-frequency narrow-band harmonic modulation of radiation interference, interference sources, mostly from the various energy-saving lamps indoors, because the energy-saving lamps in order to reduce flicker, the use of switching power supply to the mains frequency of 50Hz, the frequency rose to 38KHz, it is easy .have 1 or more times 38KHz signal harmonics, these harmonics may just cover the frequency modulation in the narrow-band frequency range, and even 32 channels will have a harmonic disturbance, which affects the SNR of infrared transmission systems .and launch distance. .Number of channels number of channels modulation frequency modulation frequency 055Kz16735Kz195Kz17755Kz2135Kz18815Kz3175Kz19855Kz4215Kz20 895Kz5255Kz21935Kz6295Kz22975Kz7335Kz231015Kz8375Kz241055Kz9415Kz251095Kz10495Kz261135Kz11535Kz271175Kz12575Kz281215Kz13615Kz291255Kz14655Kz301295Kz15695Kz311335Kz Table 1 32-channel narrowband modulation frequency distribution <TH scope=col> </ TH> Figure 13 the harmonic frequency distribution of energy-saving lamps <BR> b. <BR> broadband broadband modulation .offset by ± 22.5KHz modulation sub-carrier frequency modulation, carrier frequency range of 2MHz-6MHz between commonly used in high-quality multi-channel transmission system for high-quality simultaneous interpretation, language training, wireless tour guides ., multi-channel movies, hi-fi systems and other infrared transmitter. .Broadband modulation if the frequency interval can be distributed 200KHz up to 32 sub-carrier emission band. .<BR> The carrier frequency of 2.3MHz and 2.5MHz high-frequency have a strong anti-jamming capability, using ± 50KHz sub-carrier frequency offset mode, the frequency response up to 20Hz-20KHz, can be used for very demanding on audio quality .high occasions. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> Figure 14 high-fidelity wideband modulation <BR> 7. <BR> RF transmission cable equalizer main RF transmission cable equalizer consider the following factors: <BR> c. transmission cable .Although the length of <BR> RF signals can be up to several hundred meters of cable transmission, but suggested that the first load modulator preferably infrared radiation from the nearest plate, and the whole length of RF cable bus link should be controlled in an effective .transmission distance. .In the same radio link, because of each IR emitter cable to the length of the modulator is inconsistent, when the relative signal of two infrared radiation plate significantly delay the arrival time difference, it will lead to the infrared signals in the region .conflict, causing some additional high-frequency noise. .<TH Scope=col> </ TH> <TH scope=col> </ TH> Figure 15 links the wrong way infrared radiation plate Figure 16 links the right way <BR> experience infrared radiation value is relative to the two infrared radiation board .modem connection cable length differences should not exceed 30 meters. .However, in the project implementation process, still there will be some special system wiring, the current design of some manufacturers have built-in infrared radiation plate to adjust the function of the RF cable delay, such as the DIS of RA 6000 series. .<BR> D. <BR> transmission cable terminal for the convenience of system wiring, most of the infrared radiation board all have RF loop output interface. .Whether in a radio link in the series with more than 1 table or infrared radiation plate, all links are the last of a radiant panel terminal processing must be to balance the RF signal power in the whole distribution chain. .Early termination impedance to 50Ω <BR> based, and now there have been a lot of transfer impedance of 75Ω termination. .Most of the infrared radiation board termination resistors are built through the toggle switch to determine whether the infrared radiation plate terminal processing, there are some new products with automatic terminal function, such as the DIS RA 6000 series. .<BR> 8. IR reception assessment <TH scope=col> </ TH> Figure 17 infrared terminal <BR>??? Do not have the professional testing equipment in the case, you can use the following methods to evaluate the infrared receiver .effect: as right, with splayed fingers at 15cm away from the infrared receiver to block the infrared, if you can listen to the noise, then the region should install auxiliary firing board..